工作记忆中信息的灵活操纵：客体空间构型的重新组织研究

空间构型，指代若干客体(物体)在空间中的整体分布，它可以组织离散客体形成整体表征，促进客体信息的高效存储。申请人近期发现空间构型的稳定性有助于提高客体信息的工作记忆成绩，但对于空间构型如何帮助和增强客体信息的记忆存储尚不清楚。进一步，申请人研究发现在低记忆负荷或构型规则性变化时，原有空间构型的破坏并不影响客体信息的记忆成绩，我们推测已存储的空间构型可能可以被灵活操纵(重新组织)，但对于重新组织过程的神经机制尚不清楚。因此，本项目拟采用磁共振成像-脑电(fMRI-EEG)，经颅磁刺激-脑电(rTMS-EEG)融合技术，从四个角度探索客体空间构型在工作记忆中重新组织的行为学和神经机制，包括1）构型的重新选择2）构型的变化更新3）构型规则和非规则性变化对构型重新组织的影响4）针对性rTMS干预提升被试空间构型重新组织的能力。本项目试图给出有关空间构型重新组织的关键脑区、关键时间点和关键神经振荡。

Spatial configuration refers to the distribution of several objects in space. It can "organize" discrete objects to form an overall representation and promote the efficient storage of object information in visual working memory (WM). The applicant recently found that the stability of spatial configuration helps to improve the memory performance of object information, but it is still unclear how spatial configuration is represented in working memory and how it helps to enhance the storage of object information (Research 1). Further, the applicant's study found that the distortion of the spatial configuration does not impair the WM retrieval when the WM load is low or the configuration changes regularly, which implies that the spatial configuration could be manipulated flexibly (reorganization). However, the neural mechanisms underlying the reorganization are not clear (Research 2, 3, 4). Therefore, this project intends to use combined functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG), and combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (rTMS-EEG) to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the reorganization of object spatial configuration in working memory, from the following perspectives: (1) Re-selection of configurations; (2) Reorganization of configuration; (3) The differential effects of regular and irregular spatial configuration changes on the configuration reorganization; (4) Applying rTMS to improve the spatial configuration reorganization. We expect to observe behavior evidence and neural mechanism (key brain areas, key time points, and key neural oscillations) underlying the reorganization of spatial configuration in WM.