移动性视角下背包旅行者的时空差异及其作用机制

摘要：本课题在全面梳理背包旅行、移动性和旅游移动性研究的基础上，针对移动性作为人文地理学“空间理论”价值被低估的研究现状，识别移动性研究的“核心要素”，提出内外部移动性的新范畴，构建移动地理研究的框架。选取最契合移动性研究的“背包旅行者”为研究对象，基于背包客的时空移动差异进行分类，综合运用多种空间数理和定性定量研究方法，从移动权角度阐明背包客不同时空移动类型的发生机制，解释外部移动性；从时空行为、具身实践、地方依恋和身份认同的角度，揭示“物理移动-移动实践与体验-移动意义”之间的相互作用，解释内部移动性；由探查背包客不同时空移动类型的转化机理，阐释内外部移动性的相互作用关系。通过对移动核心要素及其作用机制的解析，试图系统和关联性呈现“移动如何可能及产生何种结果”的全景，拓展深化移动地理学的相关范畴和命题，细化完善移动地理学理论体系，并为旅行者现实移动的宏观管理和人地关系调控提供理论依据。

Based on a thorough literature review of backpacker tourism, mobility and tourism mobility research and aimed at bridging the gap of long underestimated mobility paradigm’s spatial nature, a new research framework of geographical mobility is proposed with five identified key elements of mobility research and two new proposed categories of internal mobility and external mobility. The backpacker traveler is chosen as the research object being the perfect representative of the mobility research. The backpacker travelers is categorized into four types based on their differentiated spatio-temporal movement patterns. By applying multiple spatial, qualitative and quantitative research methods, a forming mechanism of backpacker’s four types of mobility is interpreted from the perspective of the right and the power of mobility, and the external mobility is therefore explained. By doing an empirical study on the four types of backpacker travelers, an interactive action among “corporeal movement- embodied practice and experience of the movement- the meaning ascribed to the movement” is revealed from the perspective of spatio-temporal behavior, embodied practice, place attachment and identity; the internal mobility is therefore explained. The interaction between the internal mobility and external mobility is interpreted by exploring an evolving mechanism of the transformation of four backpacker types. By analyzing the key elements of mobility and its acting mechanism, the project team attempts to display a panoramic scene of “how mobility becomes possible and what result it may generate” by a systematic and interrelated empirical study on backpacker traveler’s mobility. A series of categories and propositions have been proposed to perfect and detail the system of mobility theory. The practical value lies in its application potential in governing the traveler’s mobility in the real world and provides a theoretical criteria for harmonizing the human-environment relation.