涡旋光束调控下的超冷里徳堡原子非线性局域化研究

原子局域化技术可以用于精确地刻画和反馈原子的空间位置信息，实现超高的空间分辨率，推动当代原子光学的发展。衡量局域化的标准通常是在微小范围内探测到原子的几率和空间可分辨的尺度。目前实验上已实现的亚半波长量级的局域化是基于驻波光场与原子的相互作用，然而驻波局域化具有探测原子的几率较低，实验方案复杂等固有缺陷。本项目拟采用涡旋光束与里德堡原子相互作用实现兼具高探测精度和超高空间分辨率优点的里德堡原子三维局域化。将原子局域在光强为零的位置，可以避免光场噪声的影响。另一方面，里德堡原子间的强偶极阻塞效应保证探测到原子的几率在局域点以外迅速下降，大大提高了局域化的分辨率。零光强位置的暗态光势阱也确保局域化不受原子运动的影响。在此基础上进一步研究光势阱对原子运动的操控，并发展基于涡旋光的二维衍射光栅方案。本项目的顺利实施对完善光与里徳堡原子系统相互作用的现有理论和发展新的实验技术具有重要意义。

Localization of Rydberg atoms is used to give the precise location of atoms and achieve ultrahigh resolution. This technology will promote the development of atomic optics. The probability of of finding an atom and the spatial resolution are very important for achieving a high quality of localization. Sub-wavelength atomic localization have been achieved via the interaction of standing wave and atomic system. However, this method has its own drawbacks. First, the probability of finding the atom in a specific position is low. Second, the experimental realization is difficult. This project plan to realize localization with high probability and resolution via the interaction of vortex beam and Rydberg atoms. Localizing atoms in the places with zero light intensity can avoid the influence of light field noise. The strong dipole blockade effect will make the probability of finding atoms decrease beyond the localization point. The dark state optical potential can make the localization immune the effect of atomic movement. We plan to further study how to control the movement of atoms by means of optical potential and develop the two dimensional Rydberg grating.This project will play an important role in completing the theory of interaction of optics and Rydberg atomic system and developing new experimental techniques.