解析影响江西兴国灰鹅咽袋形成的分子遗传机理

兴国灰鹅是列入《国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录》的江西特有水禽品种，咽袋是家鹅的重要外貌特征之一，兴国灰鹅品种内存在咽袋有无的表型变异。目前决定咽袋形成的目的基因尚未被鉴别。课题组前期已绘制了高分辨率的兴国灰鹅全基因组草图，并完成了基于低深度重测序（1X）的兴国灰鹅分子辅助保种。基于此，本项目拟从已完成低深度重测序的兴国灰鹅群体（n=772）中选择有、无咽袋的代表性个体，开展高深度重测序（20X），并通过基因型填充技术将已有的低深度重测序获得的标记基因型填充到基因组全序列，获得变异位点数据集；利用数据集开展基于兴国灰鹅群体内遗传分化系数、单倍型共享的基因组选择信号分析以及全基因组关联分析，辅以有、无咽袋个体下颌垂皮组织转录组测序揭示的差异表达基因分析，结合目的基因位点的功能验证分析，最终鉴别到影响兴国灰鹅咽袋形成的因果基因及其关键突变位点，深入揭示兴国灰鹅咽袋形成的分子机理。

Xingguo grey goose is a unique waterfowl species in Jiangxi province listed in the National Animal and Poultry Genetic Resources Protection List. Pharyngeal pouch is one of the important appearance characteristics of goose. Xingguo grey goose has phenotypic variation in pharynx pouch. The causative gene that determines the formation of pharynx bags has not yet been identified. In the early stage, we have assembled and annotated a high-resolution Xingguo grey goose genome by using the new generation of genomic technology, and completed the molecular assisted conservation of Xingguo grey goose based on low-depth resequencing(1X) . Based on these, we would intend to select representative individuals with or without pharynx from the population of Xingguo grey goose (n = 772) on which we have completed low-depth resequencing, to carry out high-depth re-sequencing (20X), and to use imputation technology to fill the existing genotypes of the markers obtained by low-depth re-sequencing into the entire genome sequence to obtain a data set of mutations. Then, we would use the data set to carry out genomic selection signal analysis based on genetic differentiation coefficients and haplotype sharing in the Xingguo grey geese population and Genome-wide association analysis, combined with functional expression analysis of differentially expressed genes and causative gene loci revealed by transcriptome sequencing of mandibular pituitary tissues of individuals with and without pharynx pouches. We would identify causal genes and their key mutations underlying the formation of pharynx pouches of Xingguo grey goose. We would reveals the molecular genetic mechanism underlying the formation of Xingguo grey goose pharynx.