高强度水电开发下的澜沧江泥沙磷拦截模型研究

高原山地河流生态环境系统脆弱而水能资源丰富，在如今高强度梯级水电开发扰动下，河流的物质能量流发生重大变化。如何量化揭示其水沙与营养物质的变化规律，对开发环境下的河流生态环境系统进行科学的管理具有很高的实践和理论意义。本项目以西南地区澜沧江为考察对象，微观地探索泥沙表面形态和电荷特性，利用修正后的表面络合模型研究悬移质泥沙对磷的吸附，进而建立河流中水动力-泥沙-磷迁移过程的分相模型；宏观地运用泥沙观测数据计算澜沧江梯级水库的泥沙淤积量，并修订建立适用于澜沧江流域电站的Brune拦沙系数模型。最后微宏观尺度模型结合应用在不同规模的糯扎渡（年调节）和功果桥（日调节）水库，实现模型精度的验证。

Eco-environment system of the plateau mountain rivers is fragile while their water energy resources are abundant. Under the disturbance of the high-intensity cascade hydropower development, the material and energy flow of the rivers changes drastically. It is of great practical and theoretical significance to quantitatively reveal the change rules of water, sediment and nutrients for scientifically management of the river ecological environment under the background of development situation. Taking the Lancang river in southwest China as a research case, this proposal aim to explore the surface morphology and charge characteristics of sediment in a microscopic way. The modified surface complexation model was employeed to study the adsorption of phosphorus by suspended sediment, so as to establish a phase model for the hydrodynamic-sediment-phosphorus migration process in the river. On the macro scale, sediment deposition amount of cascade reservoirs in Lancang river was calculated by using sediment observation data, and the Brune trapping efficient model was revised and established for the power station in Lancang river basin. Finally, the micro-macro scale models will be applied to two different scale reservoirs, Nuozhadu (annual regulation) and Gongguoqiao (daily regulation), to verify the accuracy of models.