空天飞机变体头锥的蒙皮结构设计方法研究

变体头锥会使空天飞机随着外部环境实时调整气动构型，可为空天飞机跨高度跨声速飞行和水平自主起降提供技术支持。本项目旨在针对空天飞机头锥变体所带来的外部蒙皮耐高温性能与大伸缩比变形需求之间的设计矛盾问题，提出头锥柔性蒙皮的设计理论及其协同变形的控制方法。研究内容包括：1）基于蜜蜂腹部变形机制，设计非圆截面头锥的变体展开机构；2）揭示蜜蜂腹肌的滑移变形机理，提出基于肌丝滑移机制的蒙皮结构变形设计方法；3）采用3D编制技术，研制具有面外高刚度和耐高温性能的变形蒙皮结构；4）建立头锥变几何体的变结构动力学模型，提出变体头锥骨架展开机构与表面蒙皮结构的变形协调控制方法。本研究将解决空天飞机非圆截面变体头锥的耐高温可变形蒙皮设计问题，突破空天飞机头锥与其表面耐高温蒙皮的一体化变形协调控制技术，可为空天飞机实现跨大气层再入飞行和空天机动战略打击能力等提供理论依据和技术支持。

The morphing nose cone of aerospace vehicle enables the aircraft to adjust the aerodynamic configuration in real time with the external environment, which can provide technical support for aerospace vehicle flying across different altitude with transonic speed, and horizontal autonomous take-off and landing. This project aims to resolve the conflict between the heat-resistant performance and expansion deformability of the outer skin brought by the variant of the nose cone, and proposes the design theory and deformation control method for the nose cone and the flexible skin. Research includes as following: 1) Design a deployment mechanism of the morphing nose cone with a non-circular cross section based on the deformation mechanism of honeybee's abdomen; 2) Reveal the sliding deformation mechanism of the abdominal muscles, and propose a design method of skin deformation based on the sliding mechanism of myofilament; 3) Use the 3D programming technology to develop a flexible skin with substantial in-plane expansion deformability and out-of-plane heat-resistant performance; 4) Establish a dynamic model for the variable geometry structure of the morphing nose cone, and propose a control method of coordinated deformation for both the skeleton deployment mechanism and surface skin of the morphing nose cone. This study will solve the designing problem for the flexible skin of morphing nose cone, which can combine the abilities of the in-plane expansion deformability and out-of-plane heat-resistant performance. Furthermore, this research can break through the coordination control technology for the integrated deformation of the morphing nose cone and its surface skin, which provide important theoretic foundation and technique measures for atmospheric reentry flight and strategic strike capability of aerospace vehicles.