群落物种多样性决定机制“熵假说”的验证：以浮游植物群落物种多样性及其地理分布格局研究为例

群落物种多样性的决定机制是人类尚未解决的一项科学难题。破解该问题的关键是，如何解读群落物种间的个体数量关系(SAD)。本人前期研究揭示了SAD的一般性法则(以群落物种的个体数量降序排列，SAD一般为1:1/2:1/3:1/4…)，并据此提出了群落物种多样性决定机制的熵假说：群落物种多样性由熵决定，任何改变生物群落熵的自然或者人为因素，都会对群落物种多样性产生影响。一般情况下，温度越高熵越大。群落物种多样性随纬度升高而降低的地理分布格局，是检验其与温度之间的关系，进而佐证熵假说的重要依据。浮游植物群落物种多样性是海洋生态学的研究热点，但其地理分布格局及影响因素研究还不够深入。本项目依据历史资料、现场观测与实验数据的分析结果，通过研究浮游植物群落物种多样性的地理分布格局和决定因素，对熵假说进行验证与解析，以期为理解群落物种多样性的决定机制开辟一条较为新颖的理论途径。

The determinant of community diversity is a scientific issue that we do not understand. Species abundance distribution (SAD), as one of the most basic descriptions of an ecological community, is a major stepping stone to explaining the determinant of community diversity in general. Previous studies about a new fractal model of SAD suggested that there might be a consistent general pattern of SAD, which should be approximately consistent with 1: 1/2: 1/3: 1/4…(in descending order by species abundance). Accordingly, the causality from the entropy to the community diversity was proposed as an essential hypothesis to elucidate the general pattern of SAD. The entropy hypothesis states that the community diversity is determined by the entropy, and any factors that can affect the entropy will finally act on the community diversity. The physical significance of entropy indicates that its behavior is usually positive with temperature. The distribution of community diversity in latitudinal gradients (the gradients of increasing species diversity from the poles to the equator) can provide the key proofs of the positive relationships between the community diversity and temperature and the hypothesis of entropy (the higher temperature is, the larger entropy and then the more community diversity is). The community diversity of phytoplankton has been one of the most fundamental issues in marine ecology. However, the biogeography of phytoplankton communities and the determinants of phytoplankton diversity are not given sufficient consideration. This research will explore the biogeography of phytoplankton communities along Chinese coast and illustrate the determinants of phytoplankton diversity according to the analysis results of historical records, observations and experiments, and then tests and verifies the entropy hypothesis, which will eventually contribute an original approach for the theoretical explanation of the determinant of community diversity.