生物炭介导的Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II)循环过程中新型同步厌氧脱氮机制研究

氨氮和硝氮共存废水的高效低耗处理是当今工业废水处理领域中的研究热点。尽管同步硝化-反硝化工艺可同时脱除氨氮和硝氮，但过程中所必需的NO2-积累以及严格的运行条件使其脱氮过程难以持续稳定进行。借助分子生物学技术、化学动力学及固相表征分析方法，本项目拟研究基于Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II)循环的Feammox(厌氧铁氨氧化过程)-NDFO(依赖NO3-的铁氧化过程)联合工艺用于同步厌氧脱除氨氮和硝氮；通过添加生物炭和输入电流实现对铁循环的调控及微生物活性的促进，提高生物炭表面铁循环的转换速率，进而提高联合工艺的脱氮效率与选择性。本项目可揭示铁循环与生物脱氮机制的重要关联，阐明生物炭及输入电流对铁循环速率以及对Feammox-NDFO同步厌氧脱氮效率与机制的影响，为寻求高效低耗的新型废水脱氮技术提供一种重要的新思路，并为微生物-地学-化学联合处理含氮废水提供一种重要的交叉协同理念。

Highly efficient and cost-effective simultaneous-removal of ammonium and nitrate from industrial wastewater is an important issue in the area of wastewater treatment. Although simultaneous nitrification-denitrification technology can simultaneously remove ammonium and nitrate from wastewater, the indispensable accumulation of NO2- and the strict requirements of the operation conditions make it difficult to sustain for a long time. By means of molecular biology, chemical kinetics and solid characterizations, this project intends to investigate the simultaneous anaerobic removal of ammonium and nitrate from wastewater by coupling Feammox (iron ammonia oxidation) and NDFO (iron oxidation dependent on nitrate) technology on the basis of the Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II) cycles. In order to increase the cycling rates in Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II) and improve the microbial activities in the system, we will add biochar and input electric current in the coupled system, thus promoting the removal efficiencies and selectivity of nitrogen. This study will reveal the important correlations between the Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II) cycling and the mechanisms involved in biological denitrification, and elucidate the effects of biochar and the electric current on the Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Fe(II) cycling rates as well as on the efficiencies and mechanisms involved in the simultaneous removal of nitrogen by the Feammox-NDFO coupled system. This not only opens a new avenue for seeking the high-efficient and cost-effective technology for nitrogen removal from wastewater, but also provides important implications for combining disciplines of microbiology, geochemistry and chemistry in the treatment of nitrogen-containing industrial wastewater.