户籍制度改革的微观经济效应——基于生产函数视角的实证检验

打破要素流动障碍以畅通国内大循环是我国新发展格局下面临的重要现实问题。本课题聚焦劳动力要素，以内生增长理论为核心借鉴生产函数的基本逻辑从要素积累与配置效率两个层面解析户籍改革的微观经济效应。给定劳动力流动摩擦，首先考察户籍改革通过拆除体制障碍如何影响企业员工配置及灵活性，进而通过生产关系溢出到企业投资及灵活性，为要素积累的增长效应提供证据。接下来将视角转向要素配置效率，在对户籍改革影响企业全要素生产率进行整体评估的基础上，再对其进行结构化分解来估计劳动力重新配置与技术创新的前后变化以明晰各自的增量贡献。本课题将微观企业纳入分析框架检验户籍改革的净效益并以要素积累及配置效率为视角剖析其作用机理，从经验上揭示劳动力流动促进经济增长和结构调整的微观效应，对于丰富劳动力流动相关文献、完善改革逻辑与拓展政策视野进而构建新发展格局具有意义。

It is a pressing task for China to remove the mobility barriers of production factors so as to enhance domestic circulation and to adapt to new development pattern. Focusing on labor resources, this research takes a more systematic approach and use a production-function representation of the economies to analyze the impact of hukou reform on the inputs to production and on productivity of firms. Specifically, project 1 examines the effect of hukou reform on employment adjustment and adjustment flexibility, and project 2 further investigates whether the hukou reform has spillover effect on physical capital investment and investment flexibility via labor inputs. Built on above analysis, project 3 estimates the overall effect of labor mobility on total factor productivity. Next, project 4 and 5 examine the effect on labor reallocation and innovation activities, respectively, which is to identify the potential mechanism through which hukou reform affects productivity. This research sheds light on institutional logic and economic magnitude of labor mobility improvement via hukou reform, and contributes to enriching relevant studies on labor mobility and improving the reform system.