大焦深、高精度的三维空间点光源定位成像研究

对单个点光源的精确定位成像及其催生的三维单分子示踪和超分辨率成像等技术不仅变革了人们研究分子输运、病毒侵染机理以及细胞结构的方式，也为表面化学、冷原子物理、微流控及"芯片实验室"等多个交叉领域的研究提供了新的手段。.然而受限于光的衍射，成像系统的点扩散函数只能在较小的焦深内维持高的信噪比，现有点光源定位成像技术的探测空间范围多局限于焦平面附近的一个“薄片”。本项目旨在提高三维点光源定位成像中的轴向指标，围绕成像系统焦深和轴向分辨率的矛盾展开研究。提出基于双路点扩散函数整形的成像方案，通过最大化点扩散函数所携带的空间坐标Fisher信息量获取最大的“量程-分辨率比”。.希望借此实现全细胞尺度十纳米精度无扫描三维单分子示踪和超分辨率成像；同时将探索点光源定位成像在离子阱表征中的应用，期望为离子阱（尤其是尚未成熟的芯片阱）的设计提供指导思路。

The precise localization of point emitters and its relevant technologies including single molecule tracking and super resolution microscopy has revolutionized our ability to study cell structures and cellular dynamics like molecule transfer and virus infection. It further provides new tools for research areas like surface chemistry, cold atoms, lab-on-a-chip or microfluidics..However, the point spread function of conventional imaging systems can only maintain high signal-to-noise ratio over a small axial range near the focal plane due to the diffraction of light. This project aims to study the tradeoff between the axial range and axial resolution in point localization microscopy to provide an imaging system with better axial performance. We propose an imaging strategy employing dual-channel PSF engineering, which maximizes the Fisher information of spatial coordinates in the point spread function; thus, to obtain the largest "range-to-precision ratio" possible..We hope to achieve whole cell single molecule tracking and super resolution imaging with xyz precision better than 10nm without the need of scanning. The application of point localization microscopy in the field of cold ions will also be exploited to study the periodic movement of Ca+ in linear trap, as we believe this would provide practical guides for the design of ion traps, especially for the ion trap in semiconductor chips.