中小学校室内视觉环境对儿童的身心恢复性效应与设计研究

中小学校建筑环境品质对儿童成长至关重要。从环境的恢复性效应入手开展中小学校建筑设计，迎合了建筑环境品质提升与儿童健康促进的双重需求，具有重要的现实意义。本项目基于恢复性环境理论，采用虚拟现实实验方法结合生理心理测度，探究室内视觉环境对儿童的恢复性效应，并基于量化实验结果推导设计指标，提出设计体系。项目将1）明确室内恢复性环境要素，建立其与功能空间的关系矩阵；2）定量分析单一与复合环境要素对儿童生理心理恢复特征指标的影响，建立环境影响理论模型；3）结合量化分析结果，提出室内环境设计体系。本项目创新之处在于1）揭示中小学校室内恢复性环境要素与功能空间的理论关联，2）揭示环境要素对儿童恢复的作用规律与影响差异，3）提出适用于儿童的研究环境恢复影响的方法体系。预期成果将为中小学校建筑环境的设计与更新，以及相关标准的修订提供科学依据，有助于深化学校建筑环境品质内涵，推动我国基础教育设施的人本化发展。

The environmental quality of school buildings is crucial to children’s development. From the perspective of environmental restorative effects, reconsidering the architectural design of school buildings is of great significance, which could cater to the dual needs of environmental quality improvement and child health promotion. Based on the theories related to restorative environment, this study explores the restorative effects of school indoor visual environments on children using an approach of virtual reality experiments along with physiological and psychological measurements. On the basis of experimental results, several design indexes are deduced and a design system is put forward. Firstly, the indoor restorative environmental factors are summarized, and a relationship matrix between factors and several functional spaces is established. Secondly, the restorative effects of single and complex environmental factors on children’s physiological and psychological indices are analyzed quantitatively, and a theoretical model of the environmental influence is constructed. Finally, combined with the results of quantitative analysis, a design system of the indoor environments is put forward. The innovation of this study lies in: 1) establishing the theoretical relationships between indoor restorative environmental factors and school functional spaces; 2) revealing the impacts and differences of environmental restorative effects on children; 3) proposing a methodology for research on environmental restorative effects on children. In conclusion, the expected results of this study will help provide scientific basis for the environmental design and renewal of school buildings, which could also help improve environmental quality and promote the humanistic development of basic education facilities in China.