长期施用低量生物炭、炭基肥对土壤有机碳及团聚体微生物特性的影响

随着近现代工、农业和服务业快速发展，土壤碳平衡被打破，封存于土壤中的碳素被大量释放，导致温室气体增加，土壤退化，耕地质量下降等一系列生态环境问题。在诸多碳封存技术中，生物炭技术得到了越来越多的关注并寄予厚望。目前大量研究投入的生物炭用量高达土重的1%-5%，短时间大量投入生物炭正效应明显，但对于农业实际应用较为困难。因此长期投入低量生物炭是否仍然会对土壤和作物产生正效应值得探讨。本研究利用2011年沈阳农业大学建立的长期定位试验，采用长期低量生物炭、炭基肥投入，通过微生物对不同碳源代谢能力、团聚体结构和稳定性、团聚体中细菌群落变化和作物响应进行分析，了解长期施用低量生物炭及炭基肥土壤物理性质变化规律，阐述微生物利用不同碳源的能力差异，探明团聚体尺度细菌种群的响应机制，明确土壤-微生物-植物互作对土壤碳固定的影响机制。为提高土壤碳库、减轻连作障碍、改良中低产田、减少化肥用量提供科学支撑。

With the rapid development of modern industry, agriculture and serivec, the ancient carbon balance has been broken.Originally stored in the land has been released in large quantities leading to increased greenhouse gases, soil degradation, and farmland deterioration and other ecological problems. Among the many carbon sequestration techonlogies, biochar has received increasing attention and expectation.The amount of biochar used in a large number of researches into farmland is up to 1%-5%, and the positive effect of a large amount of biochar input in a short time is obvious, but it is difficult for application in agriculture. Therefore, it is worth exploring whether long-term low input biochar could still has positive effects on soil and crops. A long-term experiment on biochar and biochar-based fertilizer was conducted by Shenyang Agriculture University in 2011. The reserch on the ability of microbial metabolism of different carbon sources, aggregate structure and stability, bacterial community change in the aggregate and soil and crop corresponding relationship will been conducted. The purpose is that to explore the effect on soil physical properties, ability to different carbon source, the bacterial abundance, community diversity in aggregate. Finally it would clear that relationship anmong soil, microbial and plants for biochar and biochar-based fertilzer. More over, it would give scientific basis for increasing soil carbon pool, reducing successive cropping obstacle, improving the middle-and-low-yielding fields and reducing the number of chemical fertilizer applied.