环境电子媒介强化希瓦氏菌趋向硝基芳香族化合物的作用机制研究

硝基芳香族化合物（NACs）是一类广泛存在且危害大的典型难降解有机污染物。作为一种经济高效的生物修复技术，希瓦氏菌介导的微生物法能够快速降解NACs，但环境中NACs生物可利用性低限制了该方法的实际应用。细菌对NACs的趋化性可有效增强NACs的生物可利用性，且环境电子媒介能够促进希瓦氏菌趋向NACs，然而相关机制仍未解析。本项目拟开展希瓦氏菌对不同NACs的趋化性及环境电子媒介在NACs趋化性响应过程中作用机制的研究，剖析希瓦氏菌对典型NACs的趋化性与其降解能力之间的内在联系，揭示其趋化性响应机制类型，阐明不同类型环境电子媒介在希瓦氏菌对典型NACs趋化性响应过程中的作用规律，最终解析其强化希瓦氏菌趋向典型NACs的分子机理，从而为调控细菌趋化性用于提升受污染环境的生物修复效能提供理论依据和技术指导。

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are a class of widely distributed typical refractory organic pollutants with high risk. As an economical and efficient technique for NACs bioremediation, the Shewanella-mediated biological method was applied for rapid biodegradation of some NACs, but the low bioavilability of NACs in environments is still the primary limiting factors affecting their practical applications. The bacterial chemotaxis toward NACs could effectively increase the bioavilability of NACs, and environmental electron mediators are supposed to enhance Shewanella chemotaxis toward NACs. However, these related mechanisms are still unclear. This project intends to carry out the research on the chemotaxis toward different NACs by S. oneidensis MR-1 and the important roles of environmental electron mediators in above chemotactic responses of S. oneidensis MR-1. Specific interests are placed on analyzing the intrinsic relationship between the chemotactic behaviors of S. oneidensis MR-1 toward typical NACs and its biodegradation capabilities for these NACs, revealing the mechanisms of those chemotactic responses, uncovering the critical roles of different types of environmental electron mediators in the chemotaxis towards typical NACs by S. oneidensis MR-1, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of enhanced chemotactic responses of S. oneidensis MR-1 to typical NACs caused by environmental electron mediators. The results obtained in this project will provide theoretical basis and technological guidance for improving the removal efficiency of refractory organic pollutants by enhancing bacterial chemotaxis toward these pollutants.