海水硬骨鱼类骨骼肌线粒体发生及其调控机制

游泳运动对于鱼类生存至关重要。依持续时间和速度，鱼类游泳运动可分为持续式、爆发式、延长式三种。不同游泳类型的鱼类其骨骼肌肌肉组成和能量需求迥异。鱼类骨骼肌主要由红肌（有氧代谢能力强）和白肌（无氧代谢水平高）组成。营持续式游泳鱼类，不仅其红肌比例较高，且其红肌中的线粒体数量高于白肌。线粒体是有氧代谢场所和能量供应核心，不同游泳类型鱼类骨骼肌的线粒体数量和功能不尽相同，因此，研究鱼类骨骼肌线粒体的作用和调控机理是阐明不同游泳类型鱼类肌肉组成和能量需求差异的关键。本申请拟以持续式（黄带拟鲹）、爆发式（牙鲆）、延长式（红鳍东方鲀）三种游泳类型鱼类为研究对象，分析其红/白肌的线粒体分布特征，解析骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢功能，揭示Sirt1/PGC-1α/Tfam通路调控线粒体发生的作用机制。研究结果不仅能丰富对海水鱼类游泳运动与能量代谢关系的认识，还能为那些营持续式游泳大洋性鱼类的圈养驯化提供理论指导。

Swimming performance is essential to fish survival. Swimming performance has often been broken up into three different categories based on swimming duration and speed: sustained, prolonged, and burst swimming. Differences in swimming performance are associated with various muscle fiber organization (proportion of red or white muscle) and energy budgets among fishes. There are two major muscle fibers in most finfishes: red muscles with higher aerobic metabolic capacity and white muscles with greater anaerobic capacity. Fishes with sustained swimming mode have a higher proportion of red muscles which have larger relative mitochondrial volumes compared with white muscles. Mitochondria are critical organelles responsible for skeletal muscle aerobic energy provision which also provide the capacity for aerobic respiration. Role and regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle mitochondria are keys to elucidate differences of muscle fiber organization and energy budget in multiple swimming performance fishes. In the present study, Pseudocaranx dentex, Paralichthys olivaceus, and Takifugu rubripes are selected as the typical species of sustained, burst, and prolonged swimming respectively. The main objective of this study on these three species are: (1) mitochondrial mass in white and red muscles, (2) energy metabolism function of skeletal muscle mitochondria，(3) mitochondrial biogenesis mechanism (Sirt1/PGC-1α/Tfam) analysis. This project will not only further enrich the understanding of swimming performance and energy metabolism mechanism in finfishes, but also provide theoretical instruction for domestication of oceanic pelagic fishes with sustained swimming.