铁路与海运协同的外贸集装箱运输系统优化研究

基于行为理论、网络优化技术和双层规划法，考虑集疏运铁路与洲际海运的合作行为，针对外贸集装箱运输设计铁海联盟方案，优化铁海协同的门到门运输网络与国际物流体系，针对重点中欧贸易市场设计轴辐式班列网络。具体内容包括提出评估铁路货运能力与铁路集疏运发展潜力的方法，分析铁路的地位随其港口集疏运与中欧班列发展而提升的程度；基于铁路公司和海运公司的合作行为，构建优化模型确定箱位购买、箱位互换、运力与设施共享等营运联盟方案、集装箱共享与信息共享等物流联盟方案；优化货物报关起运地、装船点与目的地末端的物流服务方案以及运输通道与节点的服务能力；构建中欧班列点线面结构优化模型，优化班列起终点、集疏运、沿线工业园区与物流园区、境外分拨中心的选址。研究将丰富运输网络设计理论，创新铁海联运研究，有助于增加铁路集疏运份额，提升我国国际供应链的稳定性，促进铁海在外贸运输中的协同发展，实现节约运输成本与绿色发展双目标。

Based on behavior theory, network optimization technology and bi-level planning, with considering the cooperation between the access/egress railway and intercontinental shipping, the Railway-Shipping alliance scheme is designed for international trade transportation, the door-to-door transport network and logistics service system with the cooperation between railway and shipping are optimized, and the hub and spoke network of China Railway Express is optimized for the key targeted market. For the study, it is necessary to construct a model to evaluate the railway freight capacity and the development potential of railway access and egress transportation, and analyze the extent to which the status of railway will be improved with the development of the access and egress transportation and China Railway Express. Based on the cooperative behaviors of railway companies and shipping companies, a cooperative model is built to determine the business alliance scheme of cabin purchase, cabin exchange, capacity and facility sharing, and logistics alliance scheme of container and information sharing. The cargo declaration sites, B/L issuing sites and logistics services at the destination, as well as the service capacity of the transport corridors and node are optimized. A programming model is built to optimize the spatial structure of the China Railway Express, namely determine the location of starting and ending points of freight trains, the location of industrial parks and logistics parks along the corridor, and the overseas distribution centers. The study will enrich the theory of transport network design and innovate the theory of rail-sea intermodal transportation. It is helpful to increase the share of the railway access and egress transportation to promote the coordination of rail-sea in international trade transportation and achieve the double goals of saving costs and green development in international trade transportation.