复杂铀-稀土矿选冶深度融合清洁提取新方法基础研究

铀和稀土是重要的战略性矿产资源，内蒙古801矿为典型的大型铀-稀土多金属矿，综合回收价值高。然而，801矿矿物嵌布关系复杂且粒度细，有价元素赋存状态多样且品位低，导致现有的选冶理论无法支撑其中有价元素的清洁高效综合回收。本项目拟针对801矿选冶过程中存在的难题，深入开展原矿和选冶中间产品中有用矿物组成与含量、有价元素赋存状态与分布规律、矿物间的嵌布关系与解离特征等工艺矿物学基因特性研究，通过重力场和磁场的精密计算、重选和磁选设备的定向选择、组合捕收剂的靶向设计，实现铀-稀土矿中硅铁矿物的去除和有用矿物的富集，通过揭示含铀锆石精矿的锆铀协同浸出机理及浸液中锆铀分离提纯机制、解决铌-稀土精矿的稀酸预浸除杂-硫酸强化焙烧-浸出萃取分离的关键科学问题，实现锆、铀、铌、稀土等有价金属的定向迁移和高效分离，建立铀-稀土矿选冶深度融合清洁提取新理论和新方法，为该类型资源的绿色高效综合利用提供理论支撑。

Uranium (U) and rare earth (RE) mineral resources are both important strategic resources, and the 801 ore in Inner Mongolia, a typical large-scale U-RE polymetallic ore, boasts high comprehensive recovery value of U and RE. However, the mineral dissemination of 801 ore is complex with fine granularity, and the occurrence states of valuable elements are diverse and of low grade, which leads to the failure of the existing theories of beneficiation and metallurgy in supporting the clean and efficient comprehensive recovery of valuable elements. Aiming at the problems existing in the process of 801 ore beneficiation and metallurgy, this project intends to carry out in-depth studies on the processing mineralogical genetic characterization, such as the composition and content of valuable minerals, the occurrence and distribution of valuable elements, as well as the dissemination relationship and dissociation characteristics of minerals in raw ore and intermediate products in beneficiation and metallurgy. Through the precise calculation of the gravity and magnetic field, the directional selection of gravity separation and magnetic separation equipment, and the targeted design of combination collectors, this project has realized the removal of silicon and iron minerals, and the concentration of valuable minerals in U-RE ore. By revealing the synergetic leaching mechanism of zirconium (Zr) and U from U-containing zircon concentrate, and the separation and purification mechanism of Zr and U in its leaching solution, this project has solved key scientific issues in diluted acid pre-leaching and impurity removal, sulphuric acid enhanced roasting as well as leaching and extraction separation of niobium (Nb)-RE concentrate, and realized the directional migration and efficient separation of valuable metals such as zirconium (Zr), uranium (U), niobium (Nb) and rare earth (RE). In this project, a new theory and method for highly integrated clean extraction of U-RE ore will be established, which provides theoretical support for the green and efficient comprehensive utilization of this type of resources.