威胁焦点下的工作不安全感对创新行为的差异化影响研究

企业员工遭遇不同环境威胁带来的工作不安全感时，创新行为存在差异。以往研究多基于主观感知界定工作不安全感，并主要从内在动机视角探讨整体构念对创新行为的作用机制。本课题在威胁焦点下深化工作不安全感概念，并基于调节焦点理论和激情二元模型探讨各维度对创新行为的差异化影响过程。首先，结合环境威胁来源与主观感知，将工作不安全感分为岗位焦点工作不安全感和人员焦点工作不安全感两个维度，并编制测量量表。其次，运用纵向研究设计，分析多时点的员工-主管配对数据，基于情境调节焦点和工作激情的链式中介作用，揭示岗位焦点工作不安全感对创新行为的负向影响，以及人员焦点工作不安全感对创新行为的倒U型影响，并探讨不同领导行为的调节作用。最后，采取“以人为中心”的研究思路，运用潜在剖面分析方法探讨工作不安全感潜在类型及其对创新行为的影响。研究结果将有助于推进工作不安全感的概念和效用研究，也为企业如何有效促进创新提供对策建议。

When employees encounter job insecurity caused by different environmental threats, they show different level of innovation behavior. Previous studies mainly focused on subjective perception in defining the concept of job insecurity, and only paid attention to the mechanism of the holistic construction on innovative behavior from the perspective of intrinsic motivation. This study defines the concept of job insecurity under the focus of threats, and explores its impact on innovative behavior based on Regulatory Focus Theory and Dualistic Model of Passion. Firstly, this study regards job insecurity as subjective perceptions related to environmental threats and divides it into job-focus insecurity and person-focus insecurity two dimensions. A measurement scale is also developed. Secondly, by using longitudinal method and analyzing the subordinate-supervisor dyad data, this study reveals the chain mediating role of situational regulatory focus and work passion in the impact of job insecurity on innovative behavior. Job-focus insecurity has a negative impact on innovative behavior while person-focus insecurity has an inverted U-shaped impact on innovative behavior. The moderating effects of the differential leadership are also discussed. Finally, the "person-centered" approach is adopted to explore the potential types of job insecurity and its impact on innovation behavior by using latent profile analysis. The results will be helpful to promote the research on the concept and utility of job insecurity, and also provide guidance and suggestion for the management of innovation.