特殊形貌和特定晶型锰基氧化物催化剂的设计、制备及其催化炭烟燃烧性能研究

柴油车尾气炭烟颗粒是城市大气雾霾主要来源之一，催化净化技术是解决柴油车尾气污染最有效手段之一，目前制约该技术发展的关键是高性能、低成本催化剂的研发。本项目拟制备一系列具有特殊形貌和特定晶型的锰基氧化物催化剂，同时通过碱（碱土）金属、过渡（稀土）元素的掺杂，实现促进炭烟颗粒与催化剂的接触和提高催化剂本征活性的目的，研究制备过程的影响因素和化学作用规律，发展特殊形貌和特定晶型锰基氧化物催化剂的制备新方法。利用多种表征手段对所制备催化剂进行结构和物化性能表征，探讨锰基氧化物催化剂的形貌和晶型与催化性能之间的构效关系；采用原位动态表征技术，研究催化反应机理和催化作用机制；结合理论计算模拟，深入认识炭烟颗粒催化燃烧过程的本质。本项目的实施将为进一步设计开发高活性、高稳定性及低成本的催化燃烧炭烟颗粒催化剂提供理论指导和科学依据，并为多相复杂体系催化氧化反应的高活性催化剂设计和研发提供解决思路。

Soot particles released from diesel engine exhausts are one of the main sources of urban air pollution. Catalytic purification technology is one of the most effective ways to solve diesel engine exhaust pollution. At present, the key factors restricting the development of this technology are the design and preparation of catalysts with excellent performance and low cost. In this project, to promote the contact efficiency between soot particles and catalyst, a series of novel Mn-based oxide catalysts with special morphologies and specific crystal forms are to be designed and developed by simple and facile methods. Meantime, the alkali (alkali earth) metals and transition (rare earth) elements are doped into the above Mn-based catalysts to enhance intrinsic activity of catalyst. The influence factors and rulers of chemical interaction in the preparation process are to be investigated and novel preparation methods for Mn-based catalysts with special morphology and specific crystal form are to be developed. Multiple characterization methods are adopted to study structure and physicochemical properties of as-prepared catalysts and to investigate the structure-function relationship between morphologies and crystal forms of catalysts and their catalytic performances. The in-situ dynamic characterization technologies will be used to study the catalytic reaction mechanism. Combined with theoretical computational simulation, the essence of the catalytic purification process of soot particles can be deeply understood. The implementation of this project can offer theoretical directions and scientific basis to further design and develop soot combustion catalysts with high activity, high stability and low cost. Meantime, it also can provide solving ideas about design and development of high active catalysts for heterogeneous complex catalytic oxidation reactions.