轻度认知障碍老人的认知控制损伤及其脑功能网络机制

轻度认知障碍是阿尔茨海默病的临床前阶段，表现为单一或多项认知域的功能损伤。认知控制是一项核心认知成分，其功能减退会损害多项认知域，因此可能在轻度认知障碍中起着关键作用。然而，轻度认知障碍个体的认知控制相关脑功能网络的病变特征，及其与各项认知功能减退之间的相关性仍不清晰。本项目拟整合认知行为实验、脑电图、功能磁共振成像、神经计算模型等技术手段，开展认知控制容量、抑制控制、工作记忆、认知灵活性等项研究，以揭示轻度认知障碍老人认知控制损伤的行为及相关脑功能网络病变特征，及其与各领域认知功能减退之间的相关性，进而基于这些特征，构建轻度认知障碍的多模态诊断模型。预期通过系列研究，从基础理论层面，揭示认知控制损伤在轻度认知障碍中的关键作用；从临床应用层面，为轻度认知障碍的临床诊疗提供理论依据。

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a preclinical state of Alzheimer’s Disease, shows deficits in one or more cognitive domains. Cognitive control serves as a core cognitive component, and its deficit would have impacts on multiple domains, playing a critical role in MCI. However, alterations of brain functional networks underlying deficits in cognitive control in older adults with MCI and its relationship with dysfunctions of multiple domains remain elusive. This project, combining neuropsychological experiments, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and neural computational modeling, aims to investigate the “static” and “dynamic” characteristics of brain functional networks of older adults with MCI who have deficits in cognitive control which include cognitive control capacity, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, to examine the relationships between the characteristics of brain functional networks underlying cognitive control deficits and declines in multiple domains in MCI, and to build a cognitive-control-based multimodal diagnostic model of MCI. The purposes of this project are to unveil the crucial role of the deficit in cognitive control in MCI and to provide a theoretical basis of the intervention of MCI.