运载火箭复合材料整流罩-卫星系统全频域动力学分析及振动与噪声控制

运载火箭是人类进入空间的重要手段，在发射和飞行过程中会经历严酷的振动和噪声环境，火箭整流罩内的振动和强噪声耦合激励可损坏卫星设备，甚至导致发射失败。在宽频气动力、各种振动载荷联合作用下，整流罩、卫星与内声腔等发生耦合作用，形成复杂多源宽频激励的整流罩-卫星耦合动力学系统。对这种耦合系统的动力学分析与控制是动力学研究领域的难题，主要表现在对系统全频域振动特性及机理认识不充分，缺乏可靠的全频域动力学分析方法和有效的宽频减振降噪手段。本项目结合理论分析、数值模拟及试验，开展运载火箭复合材料整流罩-卫星系统振动噪声耦合机理与控制研究，主要包括：复合材料整流罩表面脉动力演化机理与表征方法、整流罩-卫星系统全频域动力学分析方法与动态响应特性、整流罩-卫星系统宽频振动和噪声控制、复合材料整流罩-卫星系统振动与噪声试验等。本项目研究成果将为我国新一代运载火箭整流罩的设计和减振降噪提供理论依据和技术支持。

The launch vehicle is the most important way for sending human beings into the space. During flight missions, launch vehicles are subjected to severe vibration and acoustic noise environment, which can endanger the survivability of the equipment of the satellite, and even result in the failure of the launch mission. Under the combined excitation of the broadband aerodynamic forces and various vibration loads due to the launch vehicle, the fairing, the satellite and the inner acoustic cavity are coupled to each other to form a fairing-satellite coupling dynamic system. The dynamic analysis and control of such a broadband complex system pose a considerable challenge in the field of dynamics. Regarding the coupled composite fairing and satellite system in a launch vehicle, there is no reliable numerical method for the dynamics analysis of the system, and the physical insight into the mechanism of the vibration characteristics of the system under multi-source excitations need to be revealed. In addition, no effective method is available to control the vibration and noise of the coupled composite fairing and satellite system under broadband excitation forces. This project investigates the coupling mechanism and control of the vibration and noise of the composite rocket fairing-satellite system based on theoretical methods, numerical simulations and experiments. The following problems will be examined in this project: the mechanism and modeling method of the dynamic loads on the surface of the composite fairing, the development of the full-frequency domain dynamics analysis method and vibration analysis of the coupled composite fairing and satellite system, the broadband vibration and noise control of the fairing-satellite system, etc. The results of this project will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the vibration reduction and noise control of the fairings in the new generation of the launch vehicles.