基于形制年代学的岭南明清古建筑典型构件谱系演化机制研究

岭南古建筑与构件保存了大量中原古建筑早期形制做法，如月梁、梭柱、櫍，对解析我国官式与地域性建筑形制的相互关系具有不可替代的研究价值。典型构件是建筑形制的主要载体，其谱系演化机制是建筑形制发展的代表切片。本课题以岭南明清古建筑典型构件斗栱、梁、童柱、柱础为研究对象，以田野调查、访谈、人工和三维激光扫描测绘采集文献、口述史资料与构件形制信息；引入形制年代学方法建立典型构件形制精细化时间框架；运用文化传播学方法，以民系文化接触模式和文化传播路径为线索，厘清典型构件形制在岭南跨民系的共时性与历时性特征，建立典型构件形制谱系；发掘谱系质变与突变节点，梳理持续传承的形制基因，揭示典型构件形制谱系演化机制。研究方法对地域性建筑形制传播演化问题的探索具有较好借鉴价值。研究成果将促进对岭南古建筑动态、深入的理解，为建筑遗产保护提供可靠依据，并为地域性古建筑形制研究突破静态化、年代精度低的瓶颈提供新思路。

Lingnan ancient architectures and components have preserved a large number of early forms of ancient central-China architectures, such as moon-beams, shuttle-columns, and Zhi(櫍), which have irreplaceable research value for analyzing the relationship between official and regional architectural styles in China. Typical components are main carriers of the characteristics of architectures, and their evolutions are good slices of the development veins of architectures. This research takes typical components (tou-gong, beam, tong-column, column base) as objects, firstly, comprehensively collects literature, oral history data and form information of typical components through architectural-history methods (field-survey, deep-interview, manual and 3D laser scanning); secondly, completes the chronology study of the form of typical components and establishes their refined chronological frameworks by the method of form-chronology; thirdly, integrating the cultural communication method, uses cultural contact patterns and cultural communication paths as clues to clarify the synchronic and diachronic characteristics of typical components cross-ethnic groups in Lingnan, and establishes the form pedigrees; finally, filters the continuous inherited form genes, discovers qualitative changes and mutation nodes, reveals the evolution mechanism of typical component pedigrees. The research method has high reference value for the exploration of regional architectural form and evolution. The research results promote in-depth and dynamic understandings of Lingnan ancient architectures, provide reliable bases for the restoration of cultural relics, and support new ideas for the researches about regional ancient architectures to break through the bottleneck of static and low chronological accuracy.