双孢蘑菇抗病新种质筛选、抗性遗传解析及其分子设计育种

湿泡病、蛛网病和褐斑病严重制约了吉林省及我国双孢蘑菇产业发展。但目前我国主栽品种普遍感病，有效抗源种质匮乏，开展抗病品种选育并解析其抗病分子机制已成为产业急需解决的突出科学问题。因此，本项目在前期种质资源收集和遗传群体构建的基础上，开展三种病害的抗病性状遗传解析及抗病新品种选育。首先，采用机器学习方法建立基于高光谱和高清RGB图像融合的模型预测病害程度，实现规模化、精准化表型鉴定。然后，通过对抗病和感病代表品种泛基因组比较揭示抗性遗传分化的变异基础，利用基于自然群体的全基因组关联分析和杂交群体的连锁分析定位抗病基因，借助CRISPR/Cas9等分子遗传技术解析抗病分子机制；最后开发抗病基因功能标记，创制和选育高产优质抗病的新品种。预期研究结果将推动吉林省及我国双孢蘑菇产业自主创新能力的提升，对吉林省秸秆和畜禽粪便等废弃物高效资源化利用、实施乡村振兴计划及巩固精准扶贫具重要的理论与实践意义。

Wet bubble disease, cobweb disease and brown blotch have seriously restricted the development of Agaricus bisporus industry in Jilin province as well as the entire country. The main varieties cultivated in our country are generally susceptible to these diseases, leading to the deficiency of effectively resistant germplasm. To timely carry out the resistance breeding and analyze their molecular mechanisms have become the scientific problem that desperately needs to be solved. To this end, based on the previous collection of germplasm resources and the construction of genetic populations, our project will conduct the molecular mechanism analysis of disease resistance and breeding of new varieties resistant to the three diseases. By the deployment of machine learning, a disease severity prediction model using the fusion of hyperspectral and high-definition RGB images will be developed, which will achieve large-scale and precise phenotype identification. Then, the pan-genome comparison between the resistant and susceptible varieties will reveal the variation basis of genetic differentiation of resistance. The whole genome association analysis of the natural population and linkage analysis of the hybrid population will map the disease resistance genes/QTL, and then clone the key genes. CRISPR / Cas9 and other molecular genetic approaches will be used to analyze the molecular mechanism of disease resistance. Finally, the functional markers of disease resistance genes will be developed, and new varieties with high yield and high-level disease resistance will be created and breeding. This project will provide technology support for breeding new varieties with independent intellectual properties and rapid prediction of diseases for the A. bisporus enterprise in Jilin Province as well as the entire country. It is of great significance to the formation of Jilin Province and China's ecological circular agriculture, the implementation of rural revitalization plans and the consolidation of targeted poverty alleviation.