自锁模块化应急吸能防护超结构设计与优化

为满足飞行器紧急着陆、赛车急转弯侧翻、雨后山体滑坡等突发冲击事故的紧急防护需求，新一代抗冲击吸能结构需要兼具良好的吸能性能和广泛的应急功能，这对力学设计和性能预测提出了新的挑战。研究表明，模块化设计为超结构实现特有功能提供了有效的解决思路，而超结构的吸能性能主要取决于微结构的性能。因此，本项目拟发展“微结构-模块-超结构”多层级模块化设计策略，以自锁性设计为基础，研发组装无需约束、排布方式自由、性能调控灵活的应急吸能防护超结构；然后，推导微结构本构关系解析解和超结构变形模式间临界理论判据，完善吸能性能评价体系并构造各性能指标目标函数，结合多目标优化决策分析建立相对客观的吸能性能评价准则，指导微结构优化分析；最后，开展性能测试和功能验证，总结应用于实际防护工程的设计及优化流程。本项目研究成果能够应用于冲击防护结构的性能预测和设计优化，并为多功能材料与结构的相关研究提供理论支撑和设计工具。

In order to meet the emergency protection demands of sudden impact accidents such as emergency landing of aircrafts, rollover of racing cars during sharp turns and landslides after heavy rain, the new generation of impact-resistant energy-absorbing structures requires both favorable energy absorption properties and extensive functions to respond to emergencies, which poses new challenges to mechanical design and performance prediction. It is shown that the modular design provides an effective solution for metastructures to achieve specific functions, whereas the energy absorption properties of metastructures are mainly determined by microstructural properties. Therefore, this project intends to develop a multi-level and modular design strategy of “microstructure -module -metastructure”, so as to develop the energy-absorbing protective metastructure to respond to emergencies. The design of the metastructure is aiming at assembly process without applying constraints, free configuration modes and flexible performance adjustments, and the related research work is based on the design of self-locking capability. Then, the analytical solutions of constitutive relations of the microstructure and the theoretical criteria to determine the deformation mode of the metastructure will be derived, and the energy-absorbing behavior evaluation system will be improved. In this way, the objective functions of all energy-absorbing indicators can be derived, and a comparatively objective evaluation criterion can be established to guide the optimization analysis of microstructures, which is based on multi-objective optimization decision analysis. Finally, the energy absorption properties and the emergency functions of the proposed metastructure will be tested, and a guideline will be provided on the design and optimization of the modular metastructure in practical protective projects. The research results of this project can be applied to the property prediction and optimal design of shock absorbent protective devices, and also provide theoretical support and design tools for the related researches of multi-functional materials and structures.