填埋场渗滤液厌氧氨氧化耦合硫自养深度脱氮机理与应用研究

垃圾渗滤液含高浓度氨氮及有机污染物，严重威胁填埋场区域水土环境安全及下游城市污水处理厂的稳定运行。垃圾渗滤液传统硝化反硝化处理工艺脱氮效率低、曝气能耗大、需要大量投加碳源，同时渗滤液中重金属和药物类污染物（尤其是后疫情时期药物类污染物的大量赋存）还会严重影响生物脱氮过程。因此，本项目拟在短程硝化反硝化基础上，构建厌氧氨氧化耦合硫自养反硝化系统，实现垃圾渗滤液两级自养深度脱氮；通过分子生物学手段探明微生物菌群演替规律及其对工艺条件的响应机制；解析两级自养脱氮过程电子竞争机制，系统阐释两级自养系统实现垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的生物化学机理；探究渗滤液中重金属及疫情导致的药物类污染物对自养生物系统的抑制作用；探讨硫自养反硝化生物反应器对于典型药物类污染物的协同去除机理；提出垃圾渗滤液两级自养深度脱氮的工艺优化与调控策略。上述研究可为自养反硝化技术实现垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的实际工程应用提供理论和实验基础。

Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of ammonia and organic pollutants, which seriously threaten the soil and water environments, and also influence the operation of downstream municipal wastewater treatment plants. The complete nitrification/denitrification process for landfill leachate treatment possesses low denitrification efficiency and requires high energy consumption imposed by aeration and large amount of exogenous organic carbon. Moreover, heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants that significantly accumulated in landfill leachate during and after the epidemic will also affect the biological denitrification process seriously. Therefore, this project will develop a partial nitrification/denitrification coupled with anammox and sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SdAD) system, to achieve high nitrogen removal efficiency for landfill leachate treatment. Using microbial molecular technology, it will be investigated that the microbial community and its responses to operational parameters of autotrophic denitrifying system. This study will also focus on the mechanism of electron competition and systematically elucidate the biochemical interaction in the two-stage autotrophic denitrifying system for advanced treatment of landfill leachate. It will also unravel the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants on autotrophic denitrification, as well as the possible pharmaceutical adsorption and biodegradation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in this novel landfill leachate treatment system. Based on the aforementioned mechanistic study, the operational strategies of system control and optimization would be further proposed. The proposed study will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for applying the two-stage autotrophic denitrifying system for complete denitrification of landfill leachate in the engineered implementations.