大航程无人水面航行器可调频多方向波浪能发电机理

无人水面航行器（USV）是一种重要的海洋观测工具，其续航能力受到能源供给的严重限制，波浪能发电技术是解决该问题的新途径，但是大部分波浪能发电装置只在共振频率附近高效工作、频率带宽较窄，且波-电效率受波浪时空变化特征的显著影响。为解决这些问题，本项目开展可调频多方向波浪能发电机理研究：采用拉格朗日方程建立系统耦合运动模型，研究运动规律；建立多方向俘能理论，揭示高效俘能机理；建立多物理场耦合的理论数值模型，发展适应波浪特征的宽工况高效能量转换系统；结合波浪时频分析方法和预测算法，发展适用于USV可调频多方向波浪能发电系统高效运行的控制策略,并通过模型试验验证控制策略对运动性能和发电性能的影响。本项目为高效可控的大航程USV可调频多方向波浪能发电装置的研发奠定理论基础。

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) play a significant role in marine observation, but their long-term operation is restricted by power supply capacity. The technology of wave energy conversion plays a means to sustain USVs indefinitely. However, most wave energy converters only have a good power generation performance at resonance, with a narrow bandwidth, while real wave frequency varies over space and time, which significantly influences the wave-to-wire efficiency. To address those problems, this project studies the wave-to-electricity conversion mechanism with a multi-direction and tunable-frequency energy harvester: Lagrange equations are used to develop the fully coupled motion equations, which are solved for studying motion mechanisms; multiphysics modeling is performed and used to develop the high-conversion-efficiency power take-off system suitable for wave characteristics; based on wave time-frequency analysis methods and wave prediction algorithms, control strategies suitable for this novel device are developed, to maintain a high-efficiency operation; physical experiments are performed to validate the influence of control strategies on system dynamics and electric power generation. Research outcomes will lay a theoretical foundation for the research and development of controllable and high-efficiency long-range USVs.