景观考古学视野下西汉陵邑的环境适应性营建智慧研究

西汉时期是中国人居史上统一与奠基的重要历史阶段，是时人居建设最关键的三辅地区分布着特殊的城邑类型——陵邑。其营建不仅因应陵寝制度，还与自然-人文环境相适并融入区域人居系统，最终呈现拱卫长安的空间意图。但考古信息的散落与考察视野的局限，使得陵邑环境适应性营建这一基本问题未被系统研究。课题以西汉十一处陵邑为对象，建构景观考古学视野下的历史原境模型并展开不同地景空间尺度下的环境适应性营建研究。区域角度，考释诸陵邑协调礼制需要与多重人居目标的空间演进规律与整体分布逻辑。陵区角度，在识别陵邑支撑系统的基础上进行环境驱动因子分析与评价，解析其内部组织关系及其与环境适应的机制。陵邑本体角度，整理其与地形、水文条件相适的具体营建内容，通过场景模拟挖掘陵邑形态选择的共性规律与个性特征。从而，进一步归纳西汉陵邑环境适应性营建智慧。研究将加深对西汉陵邑历史文化价值的理解，并为西汉帝陵遗存的整体保护提供重要参照。

The Western Han Dynasty was an important period for the history of human settlements in China, which plays a role of unification and foundation laying. The mausoleum towns are special type of cities distributed in the Sanfu region, which is the most important area for human settlement construction. Their construction not only conforms to the mausoleum system, but also fits into the natural and human environment and integrates into the regional human settlement system, finally showing the spatial intention of protecting Changan. However, due to the scattered archaeological information and the limitation of the field of view, the basic problem of environmental adaptive construction in the mausoleum towns has not been systematically studied. Taking eleven mausoleum towns of the Western Han Dynasty as the object, the project aims to construct the historical original environment model from the perspective of landscape archaeology and carry out the research on environmental adaptability construction under different landscape spatial scales. From a regional perspective, the spatial evolution law and the overall distribution logic of the coordination of mausoleum towns in response to emperor's mausoleum ritual needs, complex human settlement goals and political demands at different stages are studied and explained. From the perspective of mausoleum area, the environmental driving factors are analyzed and evaluated on the basis of the identification of the mausoleum towns support system, and the internal organizational relationship and the mechanism of their adaptation to the environment are analyzed. From the perspective of mausoleum towns’ body form, the concrete construction contents suitable to the topographic and hydrological conditions are sorted out, and the general law and individual characteristics of the form selection of the mausoleum towns are excavated through scene simulation. Thus, the wisdom of environmental adaptability construction of the mausoleum towns in the Western Han Dynasty is revealed. The study will deepen the overall understanding of the historical and cultural value of the mausoleum towns in Western Han Dynasty, and also provides an important reference for the overall protection of the emperor mausoleums in Western Han Dynasty.