基于通用DNA身份证的动物药材真伪、掺伪与定量鉴定的研究

通用性、特异性和简易性的矛盾是制约统一、标准化中药分子鉴定方法建立的关键因素，“特异不通用，通用不特异”是动物药材分子鉴定的普遍难题。除真伪鉴别外，对正伪混合的掺伪品进行非定向筛查、物种鉴定，及掺伪程度进行定量是分子鉴定的又一难题。本项目将法庭科学中的个体DNA识别技术、系统基因组学和通用引物鉴别技术结合在一起，提出一种以DNA序列插入/缺失为核心标记，以多色荧光毛细管电泳分型为核心技术，适用于所有动物药材，能同时解决真伪、掺伪鉴定与定量分析的新型DNA分子鉴定技术——通用DNA身份证鉴定，并建立相应DNA数据库和物种鉴定算法。旨在建立“所有物种一套引物，每个物种一张DNA身份证”的通用分子鉴定新方法，用于《中国药典》收载动物药材的真伪、掺伪与定量鉴定。

The contradiction of universality, specificity and simplicity is the critical factor restricting the establishment of a uniformed and standardized method to identify herbal medicines. "Special is not universal, universal is not specific, universal and specific method is not simple" is a common tough problem in identify animal medicines. In addition to authenticity identification, non-directional screening, species identification, and quantification of adulteration of adulterated products is another challenge for molecular identification. This project integrate individual DNA recognition technology from forensic science field, phylogenomics from genomics field, and universal primer identification technology from systematics field, aims to establish a novel universal gene identification card (Uni-ID) identification technology with DNA insertion/deletion as the core marker and multicolor fluorescent capillary electrophoresis typing as the core technology and applicable to all animal medicinal materials. This Uni-ID identification technology could solve the authenticity, admixture detect, and quantitative analysis simultaneously, and then establishes a corresponding DNA identification database and species identification algorithm. Finally, a new molecular identification method of "a set of primers for all species and a DNA ID for each species" was established for the authenticity, adulteration and quantitative identification of animal medicines contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.