基于电催化的低BOD5/COD农药废水厌氧降解过程抗性基因丰度调控策略与能量平衡计算方法研究

针对农药废水低BOD5/COD（<0.05）、含有毒有害物质多、现有处理工艺处理效果不佳且运行费用高等限制其推广应用的技术难题，本课题拟基于生物电化学对污染物降解基本原理，即通过阳极和阴极的电催化作用，提高与水解产酸发酵有关细菌的丰度和多样性，从而可将难降解物质转化为易降解物质（提高BOD5/COD），并通过提供更多的电子来减少功能微生物的毒性压力。在此基础上，本课题拟从长期运行效能、甲烷发酵特征投资和运行费用等角度，对比厌氧-电催化耦合工艺（UASB-BES）与常用的农药废水处理工艺（Fenton+UASB）的差异，重点分析抗性基因（ARGs）和厌氧功能基因（AFGs）丰度变化规律，揭示UASB-BES中阴极和阳极携带ARGs微生物对有毒有害物质的抵御机制和新的产甲烷路径；最后基于全生命周期成本理论，提出UASB-BES能量平衡计算方法，分析其经济可行性，为其工程推广应用提供有益参考。

Aiming at the technical difficulties that restrict the promotion and application of pesticide wastewater with low BOD5/COD (<0.05), many toxic and hazardous substances, poor treatment effect of existing treatment processes and high operating costs, this topic is intended to basically degrade pollutants based on bioelectrochemistry. The principle is that through the electrocatalysis of the anode and cathode, the abundance and diversity of bacteria related to hydrolysis, acid and fermentation can be improved, so that difficult-to-degrade substances can be converted into easily-degradable substances (improve BOD5/COD), and by providing more of electrons to reduce the toxic pressure of functional microorganisms. On this basis, this project intends to compare the differences between the anaerobic-electrocatalytic coupling process (UASB-BES) and the commonly used pesticide wastewater treatment process (Fenton + UASB) from the perspective of long-term operating efficiency, methane fermentation characteristics, investment and operating costs. Focus on the analysis of the abundance changes of resistance genes (ARGs) and anaerobic function genes (AFGs), and reveal the resistance mechanism against toxic and harmful substances and new methane production pathways of the microorganisms carrying ARGs by the cathode and anode in the UASB-BES. Based on the life cycle cost theory, the UASB-BES energy balance calculation method is proposed to analyze its economic feasibility and provide a useful reference for its engineering application.