视觉假体的信息优化和认知差异研究

作为一种新兴的神经假体，视觉假体可以通过电刺激视网膜、视神经或者初级视皮层而诱发不同大小、亮度和形状的光幻视，并依靠光幻视点的排布而构成丰富复杂模式的"假体视觉"来修复视觉感受，但对光幻视点组成的视觉信息的理解则依赖假体植入者的心理感受与认知。视觉假体技术的研究，其最终目标是通过植入视觉假体和针对个体设计的一系列术后的康复训练，能够完全恢复盲人患者的部分甚至全部的视觉功能。本项目拟针对不同类型假体的光幻视排布特点，构建并比较不同的仿真光幻视模型差异，寻找有效的校正算法，以期为视觉障碍者传递尽量丰富的信息。同时，开展视觉图像信息冗余、彩色信息的转换及其在环境认知方面的研究，试图寻找基于光幻点的视觉修复的认知过程和正常的认知过程之间的异同，并从大脑视觉处理水平上研究修复视觉识别的内在机制，可望对视觉假体的图像处理策略和刺激方案乃至视觉恢复训练都提供合理有效的指导。

Visual prosthesis as a new neural prostheses, electrical stimulate different part of the pathway (retina, optic nerve or primary visual cortex) and excite phosphenes with different sizes, brightness and shapes. The organization of phosphenes constitutes a rich and complex patterns 'visual prosthesis' to repair the visual experience. However, how to understanding the view of phosphenes composition depends on the psychology of perception and cognition of implant wearer. The ultimate goal of visual prosthesis is the well designed implantation and a series of rehabilitation training after the clinical operation for blind patients to help them be able to partial or fully recover the visual function. The project intends to build different phosphenes simulation models according to the features of phosphenes excited by various prosthesis, and compare their differences and find effective correction algorithm in order to transfer as much as possible information for the visual impaired wearer. At the same time, how to use the redundant image information, convert color information and acknowledge the environment will be discussed. We try to find the similarities and differences between the normal cognitive processes and repair visual processing. Further more, the inherent mechanism of visual recognition could be expected. The results of these researches would provide reasonable guidance for visual prosthesis image processing strategies and programs as well as visual stimuli to rehabilitation training.