城乡教育发展不平衡是中国近年来突出的问题，国家自2008年实施了一系列向农村、边远贫困地区的倾斜措施，提高农村学生入学重点大学的机会。然而，受惠于倾斜政策而入学重点大学的农村、贫困地区学生虽然大学入学上和其他学生一致了, 很可能由于背景条件相对不足、起点相对低而学业困难、就学经历不良。本研究考察倾斜政策下入学重点大学农村学生的学业表现、就业去向和就学经历，分析重点大学学生学业表现的影响因素，以对政府进一步实施配套措施、重点高校有效帮助这些农村学生提供实证依据，促进高等教育过程公平。本研究选取某985院校为案例，使用学生学业记录考察学业表现的城乡差异及差异变化；对2014年入学学生进行四年跟踪调研，根据学生学业发展阶段性，设计年度调研问题，细致考察学生四年的发展轨迹；并结合学生的四年学业记录和跟踪调研数据，使用实证分析手段建立数量模型，厘清学生入学前和入学后因素对其大学学业影响的重要性和路径

Unbalanced educational development between urban and rural areas becomes problematic in China recently, and the government therefore has implemented series of special admissions policies to improve the access to elite universities for those in rural and poverty areas. However, rural students admitted under the special admissions policies may underperform due to lower socioeconomic status and weaker academic preparation. .This study examines academic performance, learning experience and employment of rural students admitted to elite universities under the special policies, and it further analyzes the factors that influence students’ academic performance. The purpose is to provide empirical evidences for the government to design supplemental policies and for elite universities to provide effective support to these rural students, so to further promote equality in higher education..This study utilizes student administrative records of a “985” university and compare how students from rural and urban areas differ in academic performance and how the differentials change over their college career. Meanwhile, this study follows 2014 freshmen at this university for four years, examining the developmental trajectory of these students using annual surveys with different focuses. Importantly, this study will use both administrative records and longitudinal survey data, applying econometric modeling techniques, to clarify the importance of pre-college factors and college learning factors and how these factors influence students’ academic performance.