急性压力影响第三方惩罚中组内偏爱效应的神经机制研究

第三方惩罚（TPP）指的是利益未受到直接损害的个体惩罚违规者。该行为中存在组内偏爱效应，即个体对组内成员的违规行为更包容，或当受害者是组内成员时惩罚更严厉。现实生活中TPP行为多在急性压力下发生，但急性压力影响TPP中组内偏爱效应的行为和神经机制尚不明晰。在前期研究的基础上，本课题旨在：1）从组内偏爱效应的构成因素（组内喜爱和组外厌恶）角度出发，利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术分离急性压力对TPP中组内偏爱效应的促进作用；2）从认知系统角度出发，利用fMRI技术探讨急性压力促进TPP中组内偏爱效应的作用机制-促进直觉或慎思系统；3）利用高时间精度的事件相关电位技术探究急性压力影响TPP中组内偏爱效应的时间进程，补充并扩展fMRI研究结果。本课题有助于揭示急性压力下TPP中组内偏爱效应的深层认知和神经机制，从而更好地了解和控制该行为，维护和促进社会公平正义。

Third-party punishment (TPP) is the punishment of transgressor administered by a third-party who is not harmed directly by the transgression. There is an ingroup bias effect in TPP, that is, individuals are more tolerant of ingroup members' transgressions, or when the victim belong to the same group with the third-party, the transgressor is punished more severely. In real life, TPP behaviors mostly occur under acute stress, but the behavioral and neural mechanisms of the influence of acute stress on the ingroup bias in TPP are still unclear. On the basis of a previous study we have finished, this project aims to : 1) isolate the promoting effect of acute stress on the ingroup bias effect in TPP by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the perspective of ingroup bias components (including ingroup love and outgroup hate); 2) from the perspective of cognitive system using, fMRI technology is used to explore the mechanism underlying the promoting effect of acute stress on the ingroup bias effect in TPP -- promoting the intuitive system or deliberate system; 3) The event-related potential technology with high time accuracy is used to explore the time course of the influence of acute stress on the ingroup bias effect in TPP, and thus to supplement and extend the fMRI studies. This project will be helpful to reveal the deep cognitive and neural mechanism of ingroup bias effect in TPP under acute stress, so as to understand and control this behavior better and to maintain social equity and justice finally.