Morphological evidence for a past minor merger in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068

Morphological evidence for a past minor merger in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068
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塞弗特星系 NGC 1068 过去一次小合并的形态学证据

DOI:
10.1093/pasj/psx100
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
PASJ
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Y.
Y.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tanaka;I.;Yagi;M. and Taniguchi;Y.

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使用 8.2 m Subaru 望远镜上的 Hyper Suprime-Cam 和 Suprime-Cam 进行的深度光学成像揭示了典型 Seyfert 星系 NGC 1068 (M 77) 周围的许多外部微弱结构。我们在 NGC 1068 周围发现了三个超漫射天体 (UDO)。由于这些 UDO 位于距 NGC 1068 中心 45 kpc 的投影距离内,因此它们似乎与 NGC 1068 相关。以下,我们将它们称为 UDO-SW、UDO-NE 和 UDO-SE,其中 UDO = 超漫射天体,SW = 西南,NE = 西北,SE = 东南;请注意,UDO-SE 已在 SDSS Stripe 82 数据中找到。其中,UDO-NE和UDO-SW似乎是围绕NGC 1068主体的环或流结构的一部分,为与NGC 1068的物理联系提供了证据。我们认为UDO-SE可能是一个潮汐矮星系。我们还发现了另一个类似 UDO 的天体,它比三个 UDO 的天体要暗两个星等,并且小 3 到 5 倍。该天体可能属于一类低表面亮度星系。由于该物体位于UDO-NE和UDO-SW的连线上,因此表明该物体与过去UDO-NE和UDO-SW形成环路的相互作用事件有关,从而暗示与NGC 1068的物理联系。另一个新发现的特征是从NGC 1068最外盘的西边缘发出的不对称外单臂结构以及相对侧的波纹状结构。根据已发表的小型合并数值模拟,这些结构预计将在小型合并的后期出现。所有这些证据表明NGC 1068在数十亿年前经历了一次小合并。然后我们讨论 NGC 1068 中小型合并驱动的核活动触发。
Deep optical imaging with both Hyper Suprime-Cam and Suprime-Cam on the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope reveals a number of outer faint structures around the archetypical Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 (M 77). We find three ultra diffuse objects (UDOs) around NGC 1068. Since these UDOs are located within the projected distance of 45 kpc from the center of NGC 1068, they appear to be associated with NGC 1068. Hereafter, we call them UDO-SW, UDO-NE, and UDO-SE where UDO = Ultra Diffuse Object, SW = southwest, NE = northwest, and SE = southeast; note that UDO-SE was already found in the SDSS Stripe 82 data. Among them, UDO-NE and UDO-SW appear to be a part of a loop or stream structure around the main body of NGC 1068, providing evidence for the physical connection to NGC 1068. We consider that UDO-SE may be a tidal dwarf galaxy. We also find another UDO-like object that is two magnitudes fainter and smaller by a factor of 3 to 5 than those of the three UDOs. This object may belong to a class of low surface brightness galaxy. Since this object is located along the line connecting UDO-NE and UDO-SW, it is suggested that this object is related to the past interaction event that formed the loop by UDO-NE and UDO-SW, thus implying the physical connection to NGC 1068. Another newly discovered feature is an asymmetric outer one-arm structure emanating from the western edge of the outermost disk of NGC 1068 together with a ripple-like structure at the opposite side. These structures are expected to arise in a late phase of a minor merger, according to published numerical simulations of minor mergers. All these lines of evidence show that NGC 1068 experienced a minor merger several billion years ago. We then discuss the minor-merger driven triggering of nuclear activity in the case of NGC 1068.
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