A stem injection of phosphite protects Banksia species and Eucalyptus marginata from Phytophthora cinnamomi for at least four years
A stem injection of phosphite protects Banksia species and Eucalyptus marginata from Phytophthora cinnamomi for at least four years
复制标题
亚磷酸盐的茎注射可保护山龙眼属物种和边缘桉树免受肉桂疫霉的侵害至少四年
DOI：
10.1071/ap06085
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
R. Fairman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Shearer;R. Fairman
用两种方法测定了茎注射亚磷酸酯对肉桂疫霉的有效寿命。在8年的时间内，不同时间对大月桂和边缘桉进行攻毒接种。在16年的活动性疾病前沿监测注射和未注射弱白弧菌和大白弧菌的死亡率。亚磷酸酯有效的持续时间是从茎注射后到用桂皮虫攻毒接种后病变长度或环化抑制50%的时间，以及在病区注射树木后死亡率达到50%的时间。对于大芽孢杆菌和边缘芽孢杆菌，抑制病变长度50%的时间从50 g亚硝酸盐/L的4-5年增加到200 g亚硝酸盐/L的至少10年。到50%抑制的时间明显少于病变长度。随着亚硝酸盐浓度的增加，大芽孢杆菌达到50%抑制的时间从50 g亚硝酸盐/L的2.9年增加到200 g亚硝酸盐/L的10年。4年可达到50%的抑制效果。亚磷酸酯浓度和时间对病变长度和环化抑制作用的预测响应面表明，边缘田鼠的预测抑制作用比更敏感的大田鼠下降得更快。在病前沿注射100 g /L亚磷酸酯可使病株死亡率达到50%的时间延迟3 ~ 4.8年（平均4.1±0.6年）。亚磷酸酯对肉桂螟的防治效果在原生群落中至少为4年，远远大于在农业中发现的> 2年。讨论了磷酸盐竞争和对贫瘠环境的适应对亚磷酸酯有效寿命的影响。在本地植物群中，注射亚磷酸酯对肉桂假蝇的有效性至少持续4年，这证实了亚磷酸酯在受威胁群落中防治肉桂假蝇的实用性。目前对亚磷酸盐吸收、植物内部分布、损失和有效性的差异有了更深入的了解，可以优化目前的亚磷酸盐处方。附加关键词：表观死亡率，宿主防御机制，寿命，持久性，磷酸盐，植物毒性。
Longevity of effectiveness of stem-injected phosphite against Phytophthora cinnamomi was determined in two ways. Injected and not injected Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus marginata were challenge inoculated with P. cinnamomi at different times over an 8-year period. The mortality of injected and not injected B. attenuata and B. grandis was monitored over a 16-year period on active disease fronts. Duration of phosphite effectiveness was determined from the time after stem injection to 50% inhibition of either lesion length or girdling following challenge inoculation with P. cinnamomi and time to 50% mortality following injection of trees in disease fronts. For both B. grandis and E. marginata, time to 50% inhibition of lesion length increased from 4–5 years for 50 g phosphite/L to at least 10 years for 200 g phosphite/L. Time to 50% inhibition of girdling was significantly less than that for lesion length. In B. grandis, time to 50% inhibition of girdling increased with phosphite concentration from 2.9 years for 50 g phosphite/L to 10 years for 200 g phosphite/L. Time to 50% inhibition of girdling in E. marginata was 4 years. Predicted response surfaces of the effect of phosphite concentration and time on inhibition of lesion length and girdling showed that there was a much more gradual decline in predicted inhibition in E. marginata than the more susceptible B. grandis. An injection of 100 g phosphite/L of Banksia trees on disease fronts delayed time to 50% mortality by 3 to 4.8 years (mean 4.1±0.6 years). At least 4 years of effectiveness of phosphite against P. cinnamomi in native communities is much greater than the ≲2 years found in agriculture. The effects of phosphate competition and adaptation to infertile environments on longevity of effectiveness of phosphite are discussed. Demonstration that the effectiveness of an injection of phosphite against P. cinnamomi will last at least 4 years in native flora confirms the practical utility of using phosphite injection for the control of P. cinnamomi in threatened communities. A greater understanding than available at present of the differences in phosphite uptake, within-plant distribution, loss and effectiveness between targeted plant species can optimise current phosphite prescriptions. Additional keywords: apparent mortality rate, host defence mechanisms, longevity, persistence, phosphonate, phytotoxicity.