Landscape Models for Simulating Water Quality at Point, Field, and Watershed Scales
Landscape Models for Simulating Water Quality at Point, Field, and Watershed Scales
复制标题
用于模拟点、场和流域尺度水质的景观模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Šimůnek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Srivastava;K. Migliaccio;J. Šimůnek
在过去的四十年中，已经开发了大量的模型来模拟非点源污染物在点、场和流域尺度上的归宿和迁移。这些模型由各学科的专家开发，往往反映了这些学科的需求。例如，溶质运移模型的初衷是确定水、养分和盐对植物生长的影响。后来，这些模型被扩展到检查溶质运移在包气带，以评估可能的污染土壤和地下水。同样，通过将系统组件的子模型连接在一起，开发了一些实地和流域规模的模型，以量化最佳管理实践（BMP）的有效性和流域一级的影响。新模型用户通常不知道可用的模型套件，并且通常不确定模型是否适合他们的情况。本文的目的是讨论为什么在不同的空间尺度上开发了可再生能源污染物模型（即，规模问题），简要回顾常用的模型，并对未来的景观规划模型进行反思。由于计算机的计算能力显著提高，可以以高分辨率捕获和传输数据的自动数据采集系统正在使用，可以处理大量数据的软件已经开发，并且正在开发改进的化学分析能力，最后，我们预测这篇文章的发展规模-通过结合对多种水文地质、地球化学和微生物过程的最新理解，可以解决下一个世纪复杂问题的独立模型是可能的。这些模型的进一步改进将为管理可再生能源污染物提供更科学、更可靠的方法。
In the last four decades, a plethora of models has been developed to simulate nonpoint-source (NPS) pollutant fate and transport at point, field, and watershed scales. Developed by experts in various disciplines, these models tend to reflect the needs of those disciplines. For example, the original intent of the solute transport models was to determine impact of water, nutrient, and salts on plant growth. Later, these models were extended to examine solute transport in the vadose zone to assess possible contamination of soil and groundwater. Similarly, a number of field- and watershed-scale models have been developed by linking together submodels of system components to quantify best management practice (BMP) effectiveness and watershed-level impact. New model users are often unaware of the suite of models available and are often uncertain about the appropriateness of models for their situation. The goals of this article are to discuss why NPS pollutant models were developed at various spatial scales (i.e., scale issues), briefly review commonly used models, and reflect on the future of landscape NPS models. Since the computational power of computers has significantly increased, automated data acquisition systems that can capture and transmit data at high resolution are being used, software that can handle large volumes of data has been developed, and improved chemical analysis capabilities are being developed, we conclude this article with the projection that development of a scale-independent model that can address complex issues of the next century by coupling state-of-the-art understanding of multiple hydrogeological, geochemical, and microbiological processes is possible. Future improvement in these models will result in a more scientific and robust approach for managing NPS pollutants.