Staphylococcus aureus Colonization: Modulation of Host Immune Response and Impact on Human Vaccine Design.
Staphylococcus aureus Colonization: Modulation of Host Immune Response and Impact on Human Vaccine Design.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00507
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发表时间：
2014-01-08
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
McLoughlin RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown AF;Leech JM;Rogers TR;McLoughlin RM
与其潜在的侵入性形成鲜明对比的是，金黄色葡萄球菌定植于 20-80% 人口的前鼻孔。宿主和微生物之间的关系似乎特别个体化，定植状态似乎在某种程度上是预先确定的。去定植后，持久性携带者通常会被其先前的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株重新定植，而非携带者则抵抗实验性定植。迄今为止，识别促进定植因素的努力主要集中在微生物而不是人类宿主上。宿主通过抗微生物肽、脂质和细胞因子的局部表达来响应金黄色葡萄球菌鼻定植。与共存微生物群的相互作用也会影响定植和免疫调节。短暂或持续的金黄色葡萄球菌定植会诱导特异性的全身免疫反应。其中体液反应是研究最多的，但对定植诱导的细胞反应知之甚少。有趣的是，发生菌血症的定植患者的金黄色葡萄球菌死亡率可能低于非定植患者。这可能意味着葡萄球菌特异性免疫“启动”或免疫调节是由于定植并影响感染结果而发生的。这还有待充分探索。有效的疫苗仍然难以捉摸。抗S。金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗策略可能需要驱动体液和细胞免疫反应，以提供有效的保护。了解定植对适应性反应的影响对于智能疫苗设计至关重要，并且可能决定疫苗介导的免疫的功效。临床试验应考虑定植状态及其对个体患者反应的影响。我们迫切需要进一步了解定植及其对宿主免疫的调节。
In apparent contrast to its invasive potential Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the anterior nares of 20–80% of the human population. The relationship between host and microbe appears particularly individualized and colonization status seems somehow predetermined. After decolonization, persistent carriers often become re-colonized with their prior S. aureus strain, whereas non-carriers resist experimental colonization. Efforts to identify factors facilitating colonization have thus far largely focused on the microorganism rather than on the human host. The host responds to S. aureus nasal colonization via local expression of anti-microbial peptides, lipids, and cytokines. Interplay with the co-existing microbiota also influences colonization and immune regulation. Transient or persistent S. aureus colonization induces specific systemic immune responses. Humoral responses are the most studied of these and little is known of cellular responses induced by colonization. Intriguingly, colonized patients who develop bacteremia may have a lower S. aureus-attributable mortality than their non-colonized counterparts. This could imply a staphylococcal-specific immune “priming” or immunomodulation occurring as a consequence of colonization and impacting on the outcome of infection. This has yet to be fully explored. An effective vaccine remains elusive. Anti-S. aureus vaccine strategies may need to drive both humoral and cellular immune responses to confer efficient protection. Understanding the influence of colonization on adaptive response is essential to intelligent vaccine design, and may determine the efficacy of vaccine-mediated immunity. Clinical trials should consider colonization status and the resulting impact of this on individual patient responses. We urgently need an increased appreciation of colonization and its modulation of host immunity.