Amelioration of fetal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders in rats: exploring pharmacological and environmental treatments
Amelioration of fetal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders in rats: exploring pharmacological and environmental treatments
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DOI：
10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00050-1
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Berman, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hannigan, JH;Berman, RF
胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）和儿童酒精相关性神经发育障碍（ARND）的特征是终身学习，记忆和适应性反应的损害。在有效的预防措施出现之前，仍然有必要寻求治疗产前酒精暴露的终身神经行为后果的方法。到目前为止，没有临床补救措施，以建议无论是具体的或全球胎儿酒精的影响。本文回顾了我们在动物模型中的基础研究，评估了全球环境操纵或特定精神药理学治疗对改善产前酒精暴露对神经行为影响的潜力。断奶后的环境丰富，可以改善行为表现，改善甚至消除赤字产前酒精暴露的大鼠，虽然有持续的损害，神经元的可塑性，如海马锥体细胞的失败，以增加树突棘密度。行为和中枢神经系统兴奋剂的反应不同的大鼠产前暴露于酒精，虽然目前尚不清楚，这些变化的剂量-反应曲线将预测儿童的利益。虽然目前的结果可能听起来对FAS或ARND儿童的有效治疗策略的发展持乐观态度，但重要的是要考虑到这些发现在啮齿动物中的应用可能并不简单。我们还需要了解影响大脑发育的特定环境的关键特征，以及药物治疗的局限性，以及暴露的关键时期。在动物模型中继续研究环境丰富、康复训练和药物治疗的有益和改善作用，将仍然是最终设计针对FAS和ARND儿童的治疗方法的有价值的信息来源。(C)1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARNDs) in children are characterized by life-long compromises in learning, memory, and adaptive responses. Until the advent of effective prevention measures, it will remain necessary to seek ways to treat the life-long neurobehavioral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure. To date, there are no clinical remedies to recommend for either specific or global fetal alcohol effects. This article reviews our basic research in animal models that assesses the potential of global environmental manipulations or specific psychopharmacological treatments to ameliorate the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol. Postweaning environmental enrichment can improve behavioral performance and ameliorate or even eliminate deficits in prenatal alcohol-exposed rats, although there is persistent impairment in neuronal plasticity, as indicated by the failure of hippocampal pyramidal cells to increase dendrite spine density. Behavioral and neural responses to CNS stimulants differ in rats exposed prenatally to alcohol, although it is not clear that these shifts in dose-response curves would predict benefit to children. Although the present results may sound a note of optimism for the development of effective treatment strategies for children with FAS or ARNDs, it is important to consider that application of these findings in rodents may not be straightforward We also need to know the critical features of specific environments that influence brain development, and the limits of pharmacotherapy, as well as critical periods of exposure. Continued study of the beneficial, ameliorative effects of environmental enrichment, rehabilitative training, and of pharmacological therapies in animal models, will remain a valuable source of information for eventually devising treatments specific for children with FAS and ARNDs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.