Evaluation of a building using the emergy method
Evaluation of a building using the emergy method
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DOI：
10.1016/j.solener.2004.11.003
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Brown, MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meillaud, F;Gay, JB;Brown, MT
能值（字母m）是一种能源，通常是太阳能，它是制造服务或产品所必需的。以瑞士洛桑瑞士联邦理工学院校园内的太阳能实验室（LESO）为例，对建筑物的年能值消耗/生产进行了评价。这座实验建筑是根据特殊的环境考虑建造的，例如重要的被动增益的使用（太阳辐射，电器和建筑用户发出的热量）。因此，其特征在于非常低的能耗，等于232 MJ/m（2）年。LESO大楼由教师和学生占用。本科生和研究生以及教师代表信息输入到系统中，他们的能值占建筑物能值输入的94.6%，等于3.3E18 sej/年（每年太阳能焦耳）。“受过教育的学生”（完成学期项目、在实验室进行硕士或博士研究的学生）、出版物、课程和服务是该系统的主要产出。这四个输出被认为是共同输出，因此与建筑物作为一个结构的操作相关联的总能量被完全分配给它们中的每一个。评估确定，离开LESO大楼的学生具有变形性，（每单位能量的能值）等于2AE 8 sej/J，这比他/她到达时高出约三倍，代表通过会议和与其他学生和教授的互动获得的知识。仅考虑能量和材料投入，电力被确定为该系统的最大投入（2.7E16 sej/年）。材料流入的总能值被确定为等于1.7E16 sej/年，纸张是最大的材料输入（5.7E15 sej/年）。还评估了一些常见建筑材料的比能值（单位质量），并与非可再生能源（NRE）进行了比较。最后，有关的确定和使用的平均transformities和每质量值的能值的不确定性的问题得到解决，和其他常见的评估方法（火用，体现能量，生命周期分析）的优点和缺点的能值方法进行了讨论。(c)2004 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Emergy (spelled with an m) is the energy of one kind, usually solar energy, which is required to make a service or product. The yearly emergy con sumption/production of a building is evaluated considering the Solar Energy Laboratory (LESO) building on the campus of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (Switzerland). This experimental building was constructed according to special environmental considerations, such as important the use of passive gains (heat emitted from solar radiations, electric appliances and building users). It is therefore characterized by a very low energy consumption, equal to 232 MJ/m(2) year. The LESO building is occupied by faculty and students. Undergraduate and graduate students as well as faculty represent information inputs to the system with their emergy accounting for 94.6% of the emergy inputs to the building, equal to 3.3E18 sej/year (solar emjoules per year)."Educated students" (students who have completed a semester project, master's or PhD research in the laboratory), publications, courses and services are the main outputs of the system. The four outputs are considered as co-outputs, as such the total energy associated to the operation of the building as a structure is entirely assigned to each of them. The evaluation established that a student leaving the LESO building has a transformity (emergy per unit energy) equal to 2AE8 sej/J, which is about three times higher than the one which he/she had upon arrival, representing the knowledge gained through conferences and interactions with other students and professors.Considering only energy and materials inputs, electricity was established to be the largest input to the system (2.7E16 sej/year). The total emergy of the material inflows was determined to equal 1.7E16 sej/year, paper being the largest material input (5.7E15 sej/year). The specific emergy (per mass) of some common building materials was also evaluated and compared to NRE (non-renewable energy). Finally, the question of uncertainties related to the determination and use of average transformities and emergy per mass values is addressed, and advantages and drawbacks of the emergy method are discussed in relation to other common evaluation methodology (exergy, embodied energy, life-cycle analysis). (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.