Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
复制标题
氧化锌纳米颗粒的药代动力学，组织分布和排泄。
DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s32593
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Choi SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baek M;Chung HE;Yu J;Lee JA;Kim TH;Oh JM;Lee WJ;Paek SM;Lee JK;Jeong J;Choy JH;Choi SJ
本研究探讨了氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米粒子在大鼠体内的药代动力学、组织分布和排泄曲线及其粒径。将两种不同尺寸（20 nm 和 70 nm）的 ZnO 纳米颗粒分别口服给雄性和雌性大鼠。分析了血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积、组织分布、排泄以及纳米粒子在器官中的归宿。两种尺寸的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的血浆锌浓度在给药后 24 小时内以剂量依赖性方式增加。 72小时内主要分布于肝、肺、肾等器官，根据粒径和大鼠性别未发现显着差异。消除动力学表明，少量ZnO纳米颗粒通过尿液排出，而大部分纳米颗粒通过粪便排出。组织中的透射电子显微镜和 X 射线吸收光谱研究表明没有明显的 ZnO 纳米粒子，而在组织中观察到新的 Zn-S 键。不同尺寸的ZnO纳米颗粒单次口服后不易通过胃肠道吸收到血液中。肝脏、肺和肾可能是积累的靶器官，ZnO 纳米颗粒的毒性与颗粒大小或性别无关。由于新形成的 Zn-S 键，ZnO 纳米粒子似乎以离子形式而不是颗粒形式被器官吸收。纳米颗粒主要通过粪便排出体外，较小的颗粒比较大的颗粒被清除得更快。浓度低于300 mg/kg的ZnO纳米粒子分布在组织中并在24小时内排出体外。这些发现为氧化锌纳米颗粒在潜在靶器官中可能存在的急性和慢性毒性提供了重要信息。
This study explored the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profile of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with respect to their particle size in rats. Two ZnO nanoparticles of different size (20 nm and 70 nm) were orally administered to male and female rats, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve, tissue distribution, excretion, and the fate of the nanoparticles in organs were analyzed. The plasma zinc concentration of both sizes of ZnO nanoparticles increased during the 24 hours after administration in a dose-dependent manner. They were mainly distributed to organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender. Elimination kinetics showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, while most of nanoparticles were excreted via the feces. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the tissues showed no noticeable ZnO nanoparticles, while new Zn-S bonds were observed in tissues. ZnO nanoparticles of different size were not easily absorbed into the bloodstream via the gastrointestinal tract after a single oral dose. The liver, lung, and kidney could be possible target organs for accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was independent of particle size or gender. ZnO nanoparticles appear to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form due to newly formed Zn-S bonds. The nanoparticles were mainly excreted via the feces, and smaller particles were cleared more rapidly than the larger ones. ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration below 300 mg/kg were distributed in tissues and excreted within 24 hours. These findings provide crucial information on possible acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in potential target organs.