Culminativity times harmony equals unbounded stress
Culminativity times harmony equals unbounded stress
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高潮乘和谐等于无限压力
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9781139600408.012
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Hulst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jeffrey Heinz;H. Hulst
8.1由于以下几个原因，在音系分析中需要对重音模式进行充分研究的计算表示。也许最重要的一点是，它们揭示了（i）与任何特定的音韵学理论相关的见解，（ii）难以预测的见解。这是因为这些表示突出了正在计算的内容的重要性，而不太关心它是如何计算的。这一章通过具体展示一个例子来说明这一点，即一旦排除了高潮性因素，音节上的简单无界重音模式与辅音和元音上的简单和声系统具有相同的形式特征。因此，这一分析表明，两个看似不同的领域中的长距离现象实际上是同一种。本章将高潮度定义为“每个单词只有一个重音”，这是过去理解这个术语的一种方式（参见Hayes 1995）。换句话说，这里的高潮性包括海曼（本卷）所讨论的“强制性”（每个词至少有一个重音）和“高潮性”（每个词最多有一个重音）属性。本章首先回顾了无界应力模式的已知知识，然后解释了这种计算表示的优点。接下来，本章回顾简单的音段和声系统及其计算表示。最后，它示出了如何分解出的无界应力模式的culminativity产生的模式相同的正式字符作为简单的分段和谐系统。一个'附录'是包括这精确地定义在本章中使用的形式主义。我感谢詹姆斯·罗杰斯（James Rogers）的宝贵讨论和启发，感谢威廉·伊萨尔迪（William Idsardi）的重要反馈，感谢哈里·货车·德胡尔斯特（Harry van der Hulst）和两位匿名评论者对本文早期版本的评论和仔细审查。
8.1 Introduction Well-studied computational representations of stress patterns are desirable in phonological analysis for several reasons.* Perhaps the most important one is that they reveal insights which are (i) relevant to any particular theory of phonology and (ii) otherwise difficult to divine. This is because these representations highlight the importance of what is being computed and are less concerned with how it is being computed. This chapter demonstrates one example of this by showing concretely how once culminativity is factored out, simple unbounded stress patterns over syllables are of the same formal character as simple harmony systems over consonants and vowels. This analysis thus shows that long-distance phenomena in two seemingly different domains are actually of the same kind. This chapter defines culminativity as 'exactly one stress per word', which is one way in which the term has been understood in the past (see, for example, Hayes 1995). In other words, culminativity here encompasses both the 'oblig-atory' (at least one stress per word) and 'culminative' (at most one stress per word) properties discussed by Hyman (this volume). This chapter begins by reviewing what is known about unbounded stress patterns, and then explains the advantages of such computational representations. Next, this chapter reviews simple segmental harmony systems and their computational representations. Finally, it is shown how factoring culminativity out of the unbounded stress patterns yields patterns of the same formal character as simple segmental harmony systems. An 'Appendix' is included which precisely defines the formalisms used in this chapter. I thank James Rogers for valuable discussions and inspiration, William Idsardi for important feedback, and Harry van der Hulst and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on, and very careful reviewing of, earlier versions of this paper.