Lifespan Variation by Occupational Class: Compression or Stagnation Over Time?
Lifespan Variation by Occupational Class: Compression or Stagnation Over Time?
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-013-0253-x
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Myrskylae, Mikko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
van Raalte, Alyson A.;Martikainen, Pekka;Myrskylae, Mikko
对成年人寿命变化的横断面分析发现，社会经济地位与寿命变化呈负相关，但社会阶层的趋势尚不清楚。我们利用芬兰的登记数据调查了40年来（1971-2010）不同职业社会阶层（体力劳动、较低的非体力劳动、较高的非体力劳动和其他）的寿命变化趋势。我们对不同性别的寿命变化进行了年龄和死因分解(a)按职业类别随时间的变化，(b)按职业类别在共同预期寿命水平上的变化。尽管所有阶层的预期寿命都有所增加，但体力劳动者的预期寿命变化是稳定的，只有非体力劳动者的预期寿命变化是下降的。这些差异是由早期成年死亡率引起的：所有类别的老年寿命变化都下降了，但除了最高类别外，所有类别的早期成年死亡率变化都增加了。手工类的高且停滞的寿命变化是由循环系统疾病的下降以及外部原因造成的高成年早期死亡率造成的，这些疾病在早期死亡率降低和老年死亡率增加的年龄中同样普遍存在。男性和女性的结果相似。这项研究首次记录了不同社会阶层的寿命变化趋势，其结果表明，死亡率的压缩与预期寿命的增加是一致的，但目前只有较高的职业阶层才能做到这一点。
Cross-sectional analyses of adult lifespan variation have found an inverse association between socioeconomic position and lifespan variation, but the trends by social class are unknown. We investigated trends in lifespan variation over four decades (1971-2010) by occupational social class (manual, lower nonmanual, upper nonmanual, other) using Finnish register data. We performed age and cause-of-death decompositions of lifespan variation for each sex (a) by occupational class over time and (b) between occupational classes at a shared level of life expectancy. Although life expectancy increased in all classes, lifespan variation was stable among manual workers and decreased only among nonmanual classes. These differences were caused by early-adult mortality: older-age lifespan variation declined for all the classes, but variation in early-adult mortality increased for all classes except the highest. The manual class's high and stagnant lifespan variation was driven by declines in circulatory diseases that were equally spread over early mortality-compressing and older mortality-expanding ages, as well as by high early-adult mortality from external causes. Results were similar for men and women. The results of this study, which is the first to document trends in lifespan variation by social class, suggest that mortality compression is compatible with increasing life expectancy but currently achieved only by higher occupational classes.