Optimizing operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants in China: The remaining barriers and future implications
Optimizing operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants in China: The remaining barriers and future implications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.057
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Li, Wen-Wei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lu, Jia-Yuan;Wang, Xue-Meng;Li, Wen-Wei
中国的国家发展战略现在把环境保护放在经济增长的首位，这推动了中国废水行业的快速发展。特别是，城市污水处理厂的处理能力已大大加强，并实施了更严格的出水水质控制。然而，大多数污水处理厂的运营业绩仍然较差，不能满足可持续发展的要求。本研究对中国污水处理厂的运行现状进行了综合分析，从工厂规模、地理分布、市县差异、环境政策和配套设施的影响等方面找出了提高污水处理厂运行效率的主要障碍。污水管网不发达的主要原因是工厂运行率低(即设计处理能力的利用率)，特别是在中国北部的工厂(县城为76%，城市为85%)，尽管情况因工厂而异，因为相当一部分工厂(19%)仍在超负荷运行。其他挑战包括工厂能耗高(0.313千瓦时/立方米(3))，以及污泥处置严重滞后(仍有多达40%的污泥处置不当)，这主要是由于对下水道和污泥管理不善造成的。最后讨论了克服这些障碍的几个可能的改进方向。这项工作对中国优化城市污水管理，朝着更高效率和可持续发展的方向发展具有重要意义。
China's national development strategy now prioritizes environmental protection over economic growth, which has driven a rapid development of China's wastewater sector. In particular, the treatment capacity of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been substantially strengthened and stricter effluent quality control enforced. However, the operating performance of most WWTPs is still poor and does not meet the sustainable development demands. In this study, the current status of WWTPs operation in China was comprehensively analyzed, the key barriers to improving the plants operating efficiency were identified by taking into account the different plant scales, geographic distribution, discrepancy between cities and counties, and the influence of environmental policies and supplementary facilities. The underdeveloped sewer network was mainly responsible for the low operating ratios (i.e., utilization degree of the designed treatment capacity) of the plants (76% in counties and 85% in cities) especially for those in north China, although the situation is plant specific because a considerable fraction of plants (19%) are still running under overload condition. Other challenges include the high energy consumption of the plants (0.313 kWh/m(3)), and severely lagged implementation of sludge disposal (up to 40% sludge was still improperly disposed), arising mainly from the poor management on the sewer and sludge. Lastly, several possible directions of improvement to overcome these barriers were discussed. This work may provide valuable implications for optimizing municipal wastewater management in China towards higher efficiency and sustainability.