SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES OF PREDATOR AVOIDANCE: EXPERIMENTS WITH FISH AND SNAILS
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES OF PREDATOR AVOIDANCE: EXPERIMENTS WITH FISH AND SNAILS
复制标题
躲避捕食者的空间和时间尺度：鱼和蜗牛的实验
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sharon L. Montgomery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrew M. Turner;Sharon L. Montgomery
捕食者经常导致附近猎物的特征发生变化，这些特征变化在调节各种进化和生态过程中起着重要作用。然而，关于捕食者引起特征变化的空间和时间尺度，人们知之甚少。我们通过测量蜗牛(Physa Acuta)在与笼养南瓜籽太阳鱼(Lepomis GibBosus)不同距离处的栖息地利用和生长速度，经验地确定了捕食者回避的空间尺度。避难所的使用率在鱼附近最高，并逐渐衰减到本底水平，特征响应范围为1.0m。在捕食者附近蜗牛的生长速度可以忽略不计，但随着与鱼的更大分离，钉螺的增长速度会增加。在一个中微体实验中测量了行为对化学线索年龄的依赖关系，在中微体实验中，从一个装有南瓜种子的水箱中提取水，并保持不同的时间，然后加入到实验的有蜗牛的中微体中。与井水对照相比，新鲜线索可引起最强烈的栖息地迁移，回避行为随线索年龄的增加呈指数衰减。回避行为的特征寿命为41h。综合这些结果，我们可以开始描述移动捕食者创造的行为场景。
通讯编辑：S.P.Lawler
Predators often induce shifts in the traits of nearby prey, and these trait shifts are important in mediating a variety of evolutionary and ecological processes. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal scales over which predators induce trait shifts. We empirically determined the spatial scale of predator avoidance by measuring the habitat use and growth rates of snails (Physa acuta) held at varying distances from a caged pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Refuge use was highest near the fish and gradually decayed to background level, with a characteristic response range of 1.0 m. Snail growth rates were negligible near the predator but increased with greater separation from fish. The dependence of behavior on the age of chemical cues was measured in a mesocosm experiment in which water was withdrawn from a tank holding pumpkinseeds and held for varying lengths of time before being added to experimental mesocosms with snails. Fresh cues elicited the strongest habitat shifts relative to well-water controls, and avoidance behavior decayed in an exponential manner with increasing cue age. The characteristic lifetime of avoidance behavior was 41 h. Taken together, these results allow us to begin to describe the behavioral landscape created by mobile predators.
Corresponding Editor: S. P. Lawler