Effects of Rewarding and Unrewarding Experiences on the Response to Host-induced Plant Odors of the Generalist Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Effects of Rewarding and Unrewarding Experiences on the Response to Host-induced Plant Odors of the Generalist Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10905-010-9215-y
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Turlings, Ted C. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, Arnaud;Ricard, Ingrid;Turlings, Ted C. J.
联想学习被认为可以改变许多寄生蜂的觅食行为。这与最优觅食理论相一致，该理论预测黄蜂会根据它们在感知这些线索时获得的奖励来调整它们对特定线索的反应。事实上，多面手的拟寄生Cotesia marginiventris显示增加的吸引力，以特定的植物气味后，感知这种气味在与主机接触。这种积极的联想学习是常见的许多寄生蜂，但很少有人知道的回报主机搜索事件对气味的吸引力的影响。为了研究这一点，女性C。marginiventris对三种植物物种的食草动物诱导的气味的敏感性，在黄蜂感知到这些气味之一时，i）不接触任何毛虫，ii）同时接触宿主毛虫Spodoptera littoralis，或iii）同时接触非宿主毛虫Pieris rajalis之后，在六臂嗅觉计中进行测试。结果证实了积极的联想学习的影响，但没有显示出的先天反应主机诱导的气味后，“负面”的经验。因此，一个积极的协会是在遇到主机，但不成功的主机觅食的经验并不一定会导致避免学习，这通才寄生。
Associative learning is known to modify foraging behavior in numerous parasitic wasps. This is in agreement with optimal foraging theory, which predicts that the wasps will adapt their responses to specific cues in accordance with the rewards they receive while perceiving these cues. Indeed, the generalist parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris shows increased attraction to a specific plant odor after perceiving this odor during contact with hosts. This positive associative learning is common among many parasitoids, but little is known about the effects of unrewarding host searching events on the attractiveness of odors. To study this, preferences of female C. marginiventris for herbivore-induced odors of three plant species were tested in a six-arm olfactometer after the wasps perceived one of these odors either i) without contacting any caterpillars, ii) while contacting the host caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis, or iii) while contacting the non-host caterpillar Pieris rapae. The results confirm the effects of positive associative learning, but showed no changes in innate responses to the host-induced odors after "negative" experiences. Hence, a positive association is made during an encounter with hosts, but unsuccessful host-foraging experiences do not necessarily lead to avoidance learning in this generalist parasitoid.