The histogenesis of the mouse cerebellum as studied by its tritiated thymidine uptake
The histogenesis of the mouse cerebellum as studied by its tritiated thymidine uptake
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通过氚化胸苷摄取研究小鼠小脑的组织发生
DOI：
10.1002/cne.901140204
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发表时间：
1960
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
L. Lahut Uzman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Lahut Uzman
众所周知，成年脊椎动物小脑皮质细胞结构的简单性和一致性是骗人的，但这并不能反映最终促成这种结构排列的非常复杂的组织发生模式。从硬骨鱼（Schaper，1894）到小鼠和猫（Athias，1897; Cajal，'11），再到人（Obersteiner，1883; Smirnow，1897; Scheinker，'39; Raaf和Kernohan，'44），每个物种的成年人都存在三层皮质层，这一点无需赘述。还已知的是，如果考虑到在进化尺度上更高的物种中连接的日益复杂性，那么在广泛分离的物种中，小脑皮质的细胞结构发育中普遍存在许多相同类型的一般模式（Herrick，1891; Jakob，'28; Kappers等人，'36; Obersteiner，'12; Kershman，'31）.尽管希斯和奥伯施泰纳通常被认为（Lahousse，1888年; Schaper，1894年; Athias，1897），并将与后髓板和第四脑室侧隐窝相连的神经管部分描述为小脑细胞成分的起源，关于小脑的双重生发层的许多知识都归功于Lahousse（1888），Athias（1897），Schaper（1894），卡哈尔（'11）和其他人。本导言并不打算对这一问题进行历史性的调查，但其目的是简要概述那些长期存在的争议，使用一种新的调查工具似乎可以给出令人满意的答案。一般认为，室管膜下细胞构成第一萌发层（His的内萌发层和Lahousse的“couche-m8 re”，1888）。快速细胞分裂导致在该层外形成多层区域（Lahousse的“nkvroglie embryonnaire non-differencik”，1888），该多层区域又通过快速分裂和向外迁移形成细胞密度增加的第二层，His的外套层，Lahousse的“couche-mkre externe”（Lahousse，1888; Schaper，1894; Athias，1897），显示萌发活性。该层通过进一步分裂和向外迁移到表面，构成了Lahousse（18 SS）的“角质层灰色kxth-ne”，His的外部萌发层，Obersteiner层或现代术语中的外部颗粒层。在整个这一时期，室管膜下萌发区和外地幔区之间的区域迅速增加，因此细胞密度降低，从而产生中间网状带。外部颗粒层作为一个独特的区域的外观进一步增强了梨形轮廓和大核的细胞的外观，以及在该区域内缘上具有大的深染核的其他细胞（Schaper，1894; Athias，1897; Popoff，1895，1896; Cajal，'11）。随着小脑皮质的进一步生长，这些细胞现在分别被认为是浦肯野细胞和高尔基体I1型细胞，它们被注意到排列成几层（Schaper，1894; Athias，1897），在这一层的外缘和外部颗粒层的内缘之间出现了一个清晰的区域。该透明区构成了分子层的开始，通过外部颗粒层的最终消失和Pur的单层排列，
It is well known that the deceptive simplicity and uniformity of the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex in the adult vertebrate in no way reflect the very complex pattern of histogenesis that eventually contributes to this structural arrangement. The presence of three cortical layers in the adult of every species ranging from the teleost (Schaper, 1894) through mouse and cat (Athias, 1897; Cajal, ’11) to man (Obersteiner, 1883; Smirnow, 1897; Scheinker, ’39; Raaf and Kernohan, ’44) needs no elaboration. It is also known that much of the same type of general pattern prevails in the cytoarchitectonic development of the cerebellar cortex in widely separated species if allowance is made for the increasing complexity of connections in species higher on the evolutionary scale (Herrick, 1891; Jakob, ’28; Kappers et al., ’36; Obersteiner, ’12; Kershman, ’31). Although His and Obersteiner are generally credited (Lahousse, 1888; Schaper, 1894; Athias, 1897) with the description of that portion of the neural tube in continuity with the posterior medullary plate and the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle as the origin of the cerebellar cellular elements, much of the knowiedge concerning the dual germinative layers of the cerebellum is owed to the work of Lahousse (1888), Athias (1897), Schaper (1894), Cajal (’11) and others. This introduction does not purport to give an historical survey of the subject but does aim to outline briefly those long-standing controversies to which the use of a new investigative tool appears to give satisfactory answers. It is generally agreed that the subependymal cells constitute a first germinative layer (inner germinative layer of His and the “couche-m8re” of Lahousse, 1888). Rapid cell division results in a multi-layered zone outside this layer (“nkvroglie embryonnaire non-differencik” of L a housse, 1888) which in turn by rapid division and outward migration forms a second layer of increased cell-density, the outer mantle layer of His, “couche-mkre externe” of Lahousse (Lahousse, 1888; Schaper, 1894; Athias, 1897), showing germinative activity. This layer, by further division and outward migration towards the surface, constitutes the “cuticule grise kxth-ne” of Lahousse (18SS), the external germinative layer of His, the layer of Obersteiner or the external granular layer in modern terminology. Throughout this period the area enclosed between the subependymal germinative zone and the outer mantle zone increases rapidly, so that there is a decrease in cell density, giving rise to the intermediate reticulate zone of Lahousse. The appearance of the external granular layer as a distinct zone is further enhanced by the appearance of cells with pear-shaped contours and large nuclei and others with large, dark-staining nuclei on the inner margins of this zone (Schaper, 1894; Athias, 1897; Popoff, 1895, 1896; Cajal, ’11). As the cerebellar cortex further grows these cells which can now be recognized as Purkinje cells and Golgi type I1 cells respectively, are noticed to be arranged in several layers (Schaper, 1894; Athias, 1897) with the emergence of a clear zone between the outer margin of this layer and the inner margin of the external granular layer. This clear zone constitutes the beginning of the molecular layer which, by the eventual disappearance of the external granular layer and the single-layered arrangement of Pur-