Structural and Geomorphological Evolution of Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), Anhui Province, China
Structural and Geomorphological Evolution of Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), Anhui Province, China
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中国安徽省黄山的构造与地貌演化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mingchun Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Huang;R. Diffendal;Mingchun Yang
黄山是长江下游南麓北纬30 10、东经11 8 11的一座1864米的花岗岩。花岗岩形成于早白垩世，后来沿沿着断裂多次隆升。在最初的隆起之后，大约54 Ma，接下来的30 Ma，侵蚀继续磨损山脉。到24 Ma，光明峰穿透平原已经形成。中新世更新的高地沿着相同的断层系统，在原来的地方形成了一座山。这座山在上新世被侵蚀，产生了第二个成熟的剥蚀。随后的uplzf再次抬高了dlzf，侵蚀仍在继续。三组节理和众多的断层切割着黄山的岩石。节理组的走向为E-VI（N-S），NE-SW断层的走向也类似，但包括一些走向为N60 W的断层。有人提出黄山是第四纪冰川作用的遗址。然而，黄山附近的侵蚀地形或沉积物似乎不是冰川成因的。山的花岗岩表面剥落，球状风化，并在地方有床单。风化和河流侵蚀形成了黄山的地貌特征。Huung，Dzrendal和Yang引言，最高海拔约为平均海平面以上1864米。黄山位于黄山（黄山）是一个潮湿的亚热带地区与温暖的夏季中山的花岗岩类火山（Espenshade和莫里森，1978年）。在北纬30度10分和东经118度11分的冬季月份里，雪福尔斯在山的下游以南的经度上落下并堆积起来。黄山地区是长江（扬子江）南部，面积约154平方公里，是中国安徽省（图1）。这座山被列入世界自然与文化遗产名录，位于1990年联合国教科文组织公布的上海世界遗产名录西南约340公里处。图1.地图显示黄山在中国的位置。尽管Lee（1936）提出在中更新世这座名山曾被冰川侵蚀改造，但这座名山的地貌演化至今尚未得到系统的研究。这些假设的冰川的存在一直存在争议。本文的资深作者于1963年首次对冰川假说提出质疑（Huang，1963 a，B）。近年来的基础研究主要由黄，在较小程度上由迪芬达尔，杨和他们的同事，P.E.海兰在内布拉斯加大学地质系的研究，导致了对地质学、新生代地貌发展和黄山花岗岩块体年龄的新解释。本文的目的是概述黄山地区的构造发展，记录可能控制后来地貌发展的山上构造，概述山地地貌的演变过程，并解决有关黄山第四纪冰川发生的问题。安徽黄山构造地貌演化该地块岩石的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1.03 ~ 0.93 Ga（Chen et al.，黄山地区位于1991年）。扬子北方陆块的一个半岛的浅槽位于该半岛的北侧，而扬子陆块在前寒武纪时是一个残留海盆，与华南地区相毗邻（图2）。南部为全岩型钐-钕地块。
Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) is an 1864-m granite massif situated at 30 10 N and 11 8 11 E, south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze Rivm The granite formed during the Early Cretaceous and was subsequently uplzfed several times along faults. Afer the initial uplzf, about 54 Ma, erosion proceeded to wear away the mountain for the next 30 Ma. By 24 Ma the Bright Summit Peneplain had formed. Renewed uplzf in the Miocene along the same fault systems produced a mountain in the same place as the origznal one. This mountain was eroded to produce a second mature denudational in the Pliocene. Subsequent uplzf has again elevated the massif and erosion is continuing. Three sets of joints and numerous faults cut the rocks of Huangshan. The joint sets are oriented E-VI( N-S, and NE-SW Faults are similarly oriented, but include some with N60W strikes. It has been proposed that Huangshan was a site of Quaternary glaciation. Howeve7; no erosional topography or deposits on m adjacent to Huangshan appear to be glacial in origin. The granite surface of the mountain is exfoliated, spheroidally weathered, and has sheeting in places. Weatha'ng and fluvial erosion have produced the geomorphologzc features of Huangshan. Huung, Dzrendal and Yang INTRODUCTION and has a maximum altitude of about 1864 m above mean sea level. Huangshan lies in a Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) is the humid subtropical area with warm summers middle mountain of a granitic massif situ(Espenshade and Morrison, 1978). During ated at 30 10 north latitude and 118 11 east winter months snow falls and accumulates on longitude south of the lower reaches of the the mountain. The Huangshan region is Changjiang (Yangtze) River in southern about 154 square kilometers in area and was Anhui Province, China (Fig. 1). The mounincluded in the World Natural and Cultural tain is about 340 km southwest of Shanghai Heritage List by UNESCO in 1990. Figure 1. Map showing the location of Huangshan in China. The geomorphological evolution of this famous mountain has not been studied systematically before, although Lee (1936) proposedthat it had been erosionally modified by glaciers during the middle Pleistocene. The existence of these hypothetical glaciers has been debated considerably. The senior author of this paper first questioned the glacial hypothesis in 1963 (Huang, 1963a, b) . Basic research in recent years princi-' pally by Huang, and to a lesser extent by Diffendal, Yang and their colleague, P.E. Helland at the University of Nebraska Geology Department, has led to new interpretations of the geology, Cenozoic geomorphic development, and the age of the Huangshan Granitic Massif. The purposes of this report are to outline the structural development of the Huangshan region, to document structures on the mountain that may have controlled later geomorphic development, to outline the evolutionary processes of mountain geomorphology, and to resolve the questions regarding the occurrence of Quaternary glaciations at Huangshan. STRUCTURAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF HUANGSHAN (YELL0 W MOUNTAIN), ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA SURVEY OF TECTONICS (Sm-Nd) isochron ages for rocks in this block AND STRUCTURE range from 1.03 to 0.93 Ga (Chen et al., The Huangshan region was located at the 1991). The shallow trough of the Yangtze northern margin of a peninsula of the Block lay to the north of the peninsula, while Yangtze Block during the Precambrian a remnant sea basin and the South China (Fig. 2). Whole rock Samarium-Neodymium Block lay to the south.