Coupling passive air sampling with emission estimates and chemical fate modeling for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): A feasibility study for northern Europe
Coupling passive air sampling with emission estimates and chemical fate modeling for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): A feasibility study for northern Europe
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DOI：
10.1021/es0626739
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jones, Kevin C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gioia, Rosalinda;Sweetman, Andy J.;Jones, Kevin C.
被动空气采样器（聚氨酯泡沫圆盘）部署在23个背景位置沿着一个广泛的东西向样带在8个北方欧洲国家和分析多氯联苯，多溴二苯醚，多环芳烃，和一系列的有机氯农药（六氯苯，滴滴涕，和DDE）。多氯联苯和多环芳烃最高的样带中心（丹麦）和最低的北方挪威。六氯代苯的分布相对均匀，反映了其在空气中的持久性和高度混合性。在东欧和中欧的几个地点，DDE和DDT的含量较高。所有地点的多溴二苯醚水平大致相似，但东欧和爱尔兰的某些地点的水平较低。多氯联苯、六氯苯和多溴二苯醚的排放信息被用作多介质化学归宿模型的输入，以生成预测的空气浓度并与这些测量值进行比较。这项工作突出强调了不同的设想：（一）国家和混合物组合，其中国家清单提供的预测空气浓度与测量的浓度非常一致（例如，英国的多氯联苯）;（ii）预测浓度远低于测量浓度，但来自其他地方的排放平流可能很重要的国家和复合组合（例如，（三）排放模型对化合物浓度的一致低估（即，六氯苯）;以及（四）对环境浓度的普遍高估（即，多溴二苯醚）。空气质量轨迹分析表明了远距离大气迁移在国家一级可能发挥的作用。总体而言，来自欧洲南部和西部的平流似乎有助于样带中部和东北部国家的环境持久性有机污染物水平。本文件介绍了各国如何利用这一相对廉价的初步筛选方法评估其持久性有机污染物来源清单的准则。
Passive air samplers (polyurethane foam disks) were deployed at 23 background locations along a broadly west-east transect in 8 northern European countries and analyzed for PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs, and a range of organochlorine pesticides (HCB, DDTs, and DDEs). PCBs and PAHs were highest at the center of the transect (Denmark) and lowest in northern Norway. HCB was relatively uniformly distributed, reflecting its persistence and high degree of mixing in air. Higher DDE and DDT levels occurred in Eastern Europe and at several sites in Central Europe. PBDE levels were generally similar at all sites, but lower for some locations in Eastern Europe and Ireland. Emissions information for PCBs, HCB, and PBDEs was used as input for a multi-media chemical fate model, to generate predicted air concentrations and compare with these measured values. Different scenarios were highlighted by this exercise: (i) country and compound combinations where the national inventory gave predicted air concentrations in close agreement with those measured (e.g., PCBs in the UK); (ii) country and compound combinations where predicted concentrations were well below those measured, but where advection of emissions from elsewhere is likely to be important (e.g., PCBs in Norway); (iii) consistent underestimation of compound concentrations by the emissions modeling (i.e., HCB); and (iv) general overestimation of ambient concentrations (i.e., PBDEs). Air mass trajectory analysis showed the likely role of long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) on national levels. In general, advection from the south and west of Europe appeared to contribute to ambient POPs levels for countries in the center and northeast of the transect. Guidelines are presented as to how countries that want to assess their POPs source inventories can do so with this relatively cheap initial screening approach.