Comparative seawater performance and deformity prevalence in out-of-season diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts
Comparative seawater performance and deformity prevalence in out-of-season diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.018
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Migaud, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leclercq, E.;Taylor, J. F.;Migaud, H.
在大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar，L）养殖业中使用不育三倍体种群是防止驯化逃逸鱼对生态影响的唯一商业手段。本研究比较了来自反季节繁殖的 2 个全同胞家庭的二倍体和三倍体小鲑鱼的海水 (SW) 性能和畸形患病率。三倍体提前 4 周完成银化，且体重显着更高。 SW 的生长和存活没有受到倍性的显着影响。外部畸形的发生率（以颌畸形为主）在三倍体中约为 12%，在二倍体中低于 5%。仅在增长最快的三倍体家族中，椎骨畸形更为普遍。倍体之间的心脏形态测量存在差异，这可能与三倍体中较高的心脏工作负荷有关。没有检测到鳃装置的明显改变。三倍体最显着的有害影响是从 8 月份开始观察到的白内障发生率和严重程度（在 SW 中，二倍体和三倍体在 1 年后分别有 50% 和 92% 受到影响）。当时，白内障通过组织学检查被诊断为不可逆的，可能是由于水质、营养缺乏或温度变化等因素引起的渗透性起源。这项研究值得进一步研究，旨在使饲养方法适应三倍体种群的需求，以提高其性能和福利。 Crown 版权所有 (C) 2010 由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。保留所有权利。
The use of sterile triploid stock in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L) farming industry is the only commercially available means to prevent the ecological impact of domesticated escapees. This study compared the seawater (SW) performance and deformity prevalence of diploid and triploid post-smolts from 2 full-sib families produced out-of-season. Triploids completed smoltification 4 weeks earlier and at a significantly higher body-weight. Growth and survival in SW were not significantly affected by ploidy. The incidence of external deformities, dominated by jaw malformation, was similar to 12% in triploids and below 5% in diploids. Vertebral deformities were more prevalent in the fastest growing triploid family only. Heart morphometry differed between ploidies which may relate to a higher cardiac workload in triploids. No clear alteration of the gill apparatus was detected. The most significant detrimental effect of triploidy was on the rate and severity of cataract that were observed from August onward (50% and 92% of diploids and triploids respectively affected after 1-year in SW). At that time, cataracts were diagnosed by histological examinations as irreversible with a probable osmotic origin which could arise from factors such as water quality, nutritional deficiencies or thermal variations. This study warrants further research aiming at adapting rearing practices to the needs of triploid stocks as to improve their performance and welfare. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.