Past and prospective causes of high unemployment
Past and prospective causes of high unemployment
复制标题
高失业率的过去和未来原因
作者：
P. Krugman
20年前，在布雷顿森林体系之后的第一次大衰退前夕，失业似乎并不是发达经济体的主要问题。当然，今天失业率又卷土重来。特别是在欧洲，失业率看似不可阻挡的上升导致了一个新词的诞生：欧洲硬化症。虽然美国没有出现类似的上升趋势，但大西洋两岸的许多人认为，美国通过某种魔鬼交易实现了低失业率，其代价是不平等加剧和贫困加剧。为什么失业率上升了？会继续上涨吗？我们可以做些什么来扭转这一趋势？这些令人生畏的问题一直是大量研究的主题。许多经济学家对失业问题的本质达成了共识。克鲁格曼在1994年世界银行研讨会上的讲话中重申了这一传统智慧。
Twenty years ago, on the eve of the first of the great post-Bretton Woods recessions, unemployment did not appear to be a major problem for advanced economies. Today, of course, unemployment is back with a vengeance. In Europe, in particular, the seemingly inexorable rise in the unemployment rate has led to the creation of a new word: Eurosclerosis. While the United States has not seen a comparable upward trend, many people on both sides of the Atlantic believe the United States has achieved low unemployment by a sort of devil's bargain, whose price is soaring inequality and growing poverty.> Why has unemployment risen? Will it continue to rise? What can be done to reverse the trend? These daunting questions have been the subject of massive amounts of research. Many economists have coalesced around a common view of the nature of the unemployment problem. In his remarks before the bank's 1994 symposium, Krugman restates that conventional wisdom.