A predominantly neolithic origin for European paternal lineages.
A predominantly neolithic origin for European paternal lineages.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285
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发表时间：
2010-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Jobling MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balaresque P;Bowden GR;Adams SM;Leung HY;King TE;Rosser ZH;Goodwin J;Moisan JP;Richard C;Millward A;Demaine AG;Barbujani G;Previderè C;Wilson IJ;Tyler-Smith C;Jobling MA
当今大多数欧洲男性的Y染色体遗传自1万年前从近东扩散开来的农民，而非旧石器时代的狩猎采集者。
旧石器时代的狩猎采集者和来自近东的新石器时代农民对现代欧洲人口的相对贡献一直备受争议。单倍群R1b1b2（R - M269）是欧洲最常见的Y染色体谱系，其频率从东向西逐渐增加，有1.1亿欧洲男性携带该谱系。先前的研究表明其起源于旧石器时代，但在此我们表明，其微卫星多样性的地理分布用新石器时代从近东的一个单一源头经由安纳托利亚扩散开来能得到最好的解释。结合其他单倍群起源的证据，这表明大多数欧洲Y染色体起源于新石器时代的扩张。这种重新解释使欧洲成为技术和文化变革如何与Y染色体谱系扩张相关联的一个主要例子，并且这种模式与母系遗传的线粒体DNA所显示的模式形成对比，这表明男性在这种转变中具有独特作用。
可以说，现代人类历史上最重要的文化转变是农业的发展，因为它预示着人口增长，并最终导致我们当前庞大的人口规模。现代人口的遗传多样性保留了此类过去事件的痕迹，因此可以通过研究它来阐明过去事件所涉及的人口动态过程。大量的争论集中在大约1万年前欧洲农业的起源上，特别是其从近东向西的传播是由农民自身的迁徙所驱动，还是由思想和技术向本土狩猎采集者的传播所驱动。这项研究考察了父系遗传的Y染色体的多样性，重点关注欧洲最常见的谱系。该谱系的分布、其内部的多样性以及对其年龄的估计都表明它是随着农业从近东传播开来的。结合其他谱系起源的证据，这表明大多数欧洲Y染色体来自近东的农民。相比之下，大多数母系谱系来自狩猎采集者，这表明在从狩猎采集到农业的文化转变过程中，从事农业的男性相对于本土狩猎采集男性具有生殖优势。
Most present-day European men inherited their Y chromosomes from the farmers who spread from the Near East 10,000 years ago, rather than from the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic. The relative contributions to modern European populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers from the Near East have been intensely debated. Haplogroup R1b1b2 (R-M269) is the commonest European Y-chromosomal lineage, increasing in frequency from east to west, and carried by 110 million European men. Previous studies suggested a Paleolithic origin, but here we show that the geographical distribution of its microsatellite diversity is best explained by spread from a single source in the Near East via Anatolia during the Neolithic. Taken with evidence on the origins of other haplogroups, this indicates that most European Y chromosomes originate in the Neolithic expansion. This reinterpretation makes Europe a prime example of how technological and cultural change is linked with the expansion of a Y-chromosomal lineage, and the contrast of this pattern with that shown by maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA suggests a unique role for males in the transition. Arguably the most important cultural transition in the history of modern humans was the development of farming, since it heralded the population growth that culminated in our current massive population size. The genetic diversity of modern populations retains the traces of such past events, and can therefore be studied to illuminate the demographic processes involved in past events. Much debate has focused on the origins of agriculture in Europe some 10,000 years ago, and in particular whether its westerly spread from the Near East was driven by farmers themselves migrating, or by the transmission of ideas and technologies to indigenous hunter-gatherers. This study examines the diversity of the paternally inherited Y chromosome, focusing on the commonest lineage in Europe. The distribution of this lineage, the diversity within it, and estimates of its age all suggest that it spread with farming from the Near East. Taken with evidence on the origins of other lineages, this indicates that most European Y chromosomes descend from Near Eastern farmers. In contrast, most maternal lineages descend from hunter-gatherers, suggesting a reproductive advantage for farming males over indigenous hunter-gatherer males during the cultural transition from hunting-gathering to farming.
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作者：
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发表时间：
2006-07-07
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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