The role of parents and temperament on children's estimation of physical ability: Links to unintentional injury prevention
The role of parents and temperament on children's estimation of physical ability: Links to unintentional injury prevention
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jpepsy/jsg041
复制
发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Bounds, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwebel, DC;Bounds, ML
目的意外伤害是儿童死亡的主要原因，是由一系列复杂的个人和环境因素引起的。三个关键变量的作用-父母监督，儿童的气质，和估计儿童的身体能力-被检查。方法64名6 ~ 8岁儿童在家长陪同下完成室内实验。孩子和父母都判断孩子完成伸手、迈步和蹲下任务的能力。家长们还完成了一份关于孩子性情的家长报告。结果孩子和家长都高估了孩子的能力，但孩子的高估程度高于家长。当父母在场或不在场时，性情也会影响孩子的判断：当父母站在孩子身边时，性情冲动和控制力不足的孩子的判断比父母藏在一面镜子后面时更准确。结论父母监督保护儿童免受伤害的机制似乎至少有两个方面：(a)父母高估儿童能力的频率低于儿童自己，这表明父母的监督可以干预，防止儿童尝试危险活动；(b)当父母在场时，孩子们对自己的身体能力的判断更加谨慎。对气质理论和伤害预防的启示进行了讨论。
Objective Unintentional injuries, the leading cause of pediatric mortality, are caused by a complex set of intrapersonal and environmental factors. The role of three critical variables-parental supervision, children's temperament, and estimation of children's physical abilities-was examined. Methods Sixty-four 6- and 8-year-old children completed a laboratory experiment with a parent. Both children and parents judged the child's ability to complete reaching, stepping, and crouching tasks. Parents also completed a parent-report measure of children's temperament. Results Both children and parents overestimated children's ability, although children did so more than parents. Parents of temperamentally impulsive and undercontrolled children judged that their children could complete tasks that were actually beyond the child's ability Temperament also affected children's judgments while parents were known to be present or absent: Temperamentally impulsive and undercontrolled children were more accurate in their judgments when parents were standing next to them than when parents were hidden from view behind a one-way mirror. Conclusions The mechanism by which parental supervision might protect children from injury appears to be at least twofold: (a) Parents overestimate children's ability less frequently than children themselves, suggesting supervising parents could intervene to prevent children from attempting dangerous activities; and (b) children judge their physical abilities more cautiously when parents are present. Implications for temperament theory and for injury prevention are discussed.